1. Pefoyo AJK, Bronskill SE, Gruneir A, Calzavara A, Thavorn K, Petrosyan Y, et al. The increasing burden and complexity of multimorbidity. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:415.
2. Sinnige J, Braspenning J, Schellevis F, Stirbu-Wagner I, Westert G, Korevaar J. The prevalence of disease clusters in older adults with multiple chronic diseases–a systematic literature review. PloS one. 2013;8:e79641.
3. Long AN, Dagogo-Jack S. Comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension: mechanisms and approach to target organ protection. The journal of clinical hypertension. 2011;13:244–51.
4. Fabbri E, Zoli M, Gonzalez-Freire M, Salive ME, Studenski SA, Ferrucci L. Aging and multimorbidity: new tasks, priorities, and frontiers for integrated gerontological and clinical research. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:640–7.
5. Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, Fried LP, Boult L, Wu AW. Clinical practice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases: implications for pay for performance. Jama. 2005;294:716–24.
6. Panel AGSBCUE, Fick DM, Semla TP, Steinman M, Beizer J, Brandt N, et al. American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:674–94.
7. Cahir C, Fahey T, Teeling M, Teljeur C, Feely J, Bennett K. Potentially inappropriate prescribing and cost outcomes for older people: a national population study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;69:543–52.
8. Bruin-Huisman L, Abu-Hanna A, van Weert HC, Beers E. Potentially inappropriate prescribing to older patients in primary care in the Netherlands: a retrospective longitudinal study. Age Ageing. 2017;46:614–9.
9. Alhawassi TM, Alatawi W, Alwhaibi M. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications use among older adults and risk factors using the 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19:154.
10. Fick DM, Mion LC, Beers MH, Waller L. J. Health outcomes associated with potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Res Nurs Health. 2008;31:42–51.
11. Pérez T, Moriarty F, Wallace E, McDowell R, Redmond P, Fahey T. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people in primary care and its association with hospital admission: longitudinal study. bmj. 2018;363:k4524.
12. Reich O, Rosemann T, Rapold R, Blozik E, Senn O. Potentially inappropriate medication use in older patients in Swiss managed care plans: prevalence, determinants and association with hospitalization. PloS one. 2014;9:e105425.
13. Lund BC, Carnahan RM, Egge JA, Chrischilles EA, Kaboli PJ. Inappropriate prescribing predicts adverse drug events in older adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:957–63.
14. Xing XX, Zhu C, Liang HY, Wang K, Chu YQ, Zhao LB, et al. Associations Between Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Adverse Health Outcomes in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53:1005–19.
15. Fick D. Potentially inappropriate medication use in a Medicare managed care population: association with higher costs and utilization. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 2001;7:407–13.
16. Druss BG, Marcus SC, Olfson M, Pincus HA. The most expensive medical conditions in America. Health Aff. 2002;21:105–11.
17. Wang G, Zhou X, Zhuo X, Zhang P. Annual total medical expenditures associated with hypertension by diabetes status in US adults. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53:182-S9.
18. Bazargan M, Smith JL, King EO. Potentially inappropriate medication use among hypertensive older African-American adults. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18:238.
19. Bala SS, Narayan SW, Nishtala PS. Potentially inappropriate medications in community-dwelling older adults undertaken as a comprehensive geriatric risk assessment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74:645–53.
20. Anderson K, Stowasser D, Freeman C, Scott I. Prescriber barriers and enablers to minimising potentially inappropriate medications in adults: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. BMJ open. 2014;4:e006544.
21. Masumoto S, Sato M, Maeno T, Ichinohe Y, Maeno T. Association between potentially inappropriate medications and anxiety in Japanese older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17:2520–6.
22. Buck MD, Atreja A, Brunker CP, Jain A, Suh TT, Palmer RM, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication prescribing in outpatient practices: prevalence and patient characteristics based on electronic health records. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2009;7:84–92.
23. Wang-Hansen MS, Wyller TB, Hvidsten LT, Kersten H. Can screening tools for potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults prevent serious adverse drug events? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;75:627–37.