1.Kramer M, Segiun L, Lydon J, Goulet L. Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: why do the poor fare so poorly? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 28;14:194–210.
2.Joseph KS, Huang L, Dzakpasu S, McCourt C. Regional disparities in infant mortality in Canada: a reversal of egalitarian trends. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):4–9.
3.Victora CG, Requejo J, Barros A, Berman P, Bhutta ZA, Boerma T, et al. Countdown to 2015: a decade of tracking progress for maternal, newborn, and child survival. The Lancet. 2016 May 14;387(10032):2049–59.
4.Canadian Institute for Health Information. Highlights of 2011–2012 Selected Indicators Describing the Birthing Process in Canada. 2013 Jun pp. 1–8.
5.Mikkonen J, Raphael D. Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts. York University School of Health Policy and Management; 2010 May pp. 1–63.
6.Daoud N, OCampo P, Minh A, Urquia M, Dzakpasu S, Heaman M, et al. Patterns of social inequalities across pregnancy and birth outcomes: a comparison of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic measures. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2014 Mar 16;14:393.
7.Chalmers B, Kaczorowski J, Levitt C, Dzakpasu S, OBrien B, Lee L, et al. Use of Routine Interventions in Vaginal Labor and Birth: Findings from the Maternity Experiences Survey. Birth. 2009 Feb 26;36:13.
8.Joseph KS, Liston RM, Dodds L, Dahlgren L, Allen AC. Socioeconomic status and perinatal outcomes in a setting with universal access to essential health care services. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2007 Sep 11;177(6):583–90.
9.Auger N, Giraud J, Daniel M. The joint influence of area income, income inequality, and immigrant density on adverse birth outcomes: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):237–11.
10.Landy CK, Sword W, Ciliska D. Urban women’s socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: findings of a Canadian cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research. BioMed Central; 2008 Oct 3;8(1):203.
11.Serrant-Green L. The sound of “silence”: a framework for researching sensitive issues or marginalised perspectives in health. Journal of Research in Nursing. 2011 Jul 5;16(4):347–60.
12.Allen V, Campbell M, Carson G, Fraser W, Liston R, Walker M, et al. Maternal Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity Surveillance in Canada. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Canada. 2010 Dec 1;32(12):1140–6.
13.Fleming N, Ng N, Osborne C, Biederman S, Yasseen AS3, Dy J, et al. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes in the province of Ontario: a cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. Canada; 2013;35(3):234–45.
14.Kingston D, Heaman M, Fell D, Chalmers B, on behalf of the Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System, Public Health Agency of Canada. Comparison of Adolescent, Young Adult, and Adult Women’s Maternity Experiences and Practices. PEDIATRICS. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012 May 1;129(5):e1228–37.
15.Shrim A, Ates S, Mallozzi A, Brown R, Ponette V, Levin I, et al. Is Young Maternal Age Really a Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in a Canadian Tertiary Referral Hospital? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011 Aug;{24}({4}):{218–222}.
16.Provencher C, Milan A, Hallman S, DAoust C. Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada. Government of Canada; 2018 Jun.
17.Joanna Briggs Institute. Critical Appraisal Checklist of Qualitative Research [Internet]. Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017 Apr. Available from: https://joannabriggs.org/sites/default/files/2019–05/JBI_Critical_Appraisal-Checklist_for_Qualitative_Research2017_0.pdf. Accessed June 2017.
18.Pluye P, Hong QN. Combining the Power of Stories and the Power of Numbers: Mixed Methods Research and Mixed Methods Reviews. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014 May 5;35:29–45.
19.Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Rodgers M, et al. Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews. 1st ed. 2001 Apr.
20.Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006 Mar 2;3(2):77–101.
21.Chevalier J, Buckles D. Handbook for Participatory Action Research, Planning and Evaluation. Ottawa: SAS2 Dialogue; 2013. 155 p.
22.Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services. Community-Based Research Toolkit: Resource for Doing Research with Community for Social Change. Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services; 2011 Jun.
23.Dixon-Woods M, Booth A, Sutton AJ. Synthesizing qualitative research: a review of published reports. Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. 2016 Aug 15;7(3):375–422.
24.Flicker S, Guta A. Ethical Approaches to Adolescent Participation in Sexual Health Research. J ADOLESC HEALTH. 2008 Jan;42(1):3–10.
25.Moore T, McArthur M, Noble-Carr D. More a marathon than a hurdle: towards children’s informed consent in a study on safety. Qualitative Research. 2018 Jan 16;18(1):88–107.
26.Bruzzese J, Fisher CB. Assessing and enhancing the research consent capacity of children and youth. Applied Developmental Sciences. 2003 Sep 4;7(1):13–26.
27.Moore T, Saunders V, McArthur M. Championing Choice—Lessons Learned from Children and Young People About Research and Their Involvement. Child Ind Res. 2nd ed. Springer Netherlands; 2010 Sep 15;4(2):249–67.
28.Tuck E. Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities. Harvard Educational Review. 2009 Oct 10;79(3):409.
29.Moore T, McArthur M, Noble-Carr D. Little Voices and Big Ideas: Lessons Learned from Children about Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2008 Jun 30;7:1–15.
30.Moore T, Noble-Carr D, McArthur M. Changing things for the better: the use of children and young people’s reference groups in social research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. Routledge; 2015 Dec 28;:1–16.
31.Al-Sahab B, Heifetz M, Tamim H, Bohr Y, Connolly J. Prevalence and Characteristics of Teen Motherhood in Canada. MATERN CHILD HEALTH J. 2012 Jan;16(1):228–34.
32.Kingston D, Heaman M, Fell D, Chalmers B, Surveillance CP, Canada PHA. Comparison of Adolescent, Young Adult, and Adult Women’s Maternity Experiences and Practices. PEDIATRICS. 2012 May;{129}({5}):{E1228–E1237}.
33.Singh V, Murphy N, Thompson G, Hick K. 119. Adolescent Mothers and Their Children: Experience in a Canadian Urban Setting. J ADOLESC HEALTH. New York, New York: Elsevier Science; 56:S62–31p.
34.Thompson G, Madigan S, Wentzel K, Dineley B, Lorber S, Shouldice M. Demographic characteristics and needs of the Canadian urban adolescent mother and her child. PAEDIATRICS \& CHILD HEALTH. 2015 Mar;{20}({2}):{72–76}.
35.British Columbia Provincial Health Officer, British Columbia Child and Youth Officer. Kids, crime and care- Health and well-being of children in care. British Columbia; 2009 Mar.
36.Vigod SN, Dennis CL, Kurdyak PA, Cairney J, Guttmann A, Taylor VH. Fertility Rate Trends Among Adolescent Girls With Major Mental Illness: A Population-Based Study. PEDIATRICS. 2014 Feb 28;133(3):e585–91.
37.Rutman D, Strega S, Callahan M, Dominelli C. ‘Undeserving’ mothers? Practitioners’ experiences working with young mothers in/from care. CHILD FAM SOC WORK. Wiley-Blackwell; 2002 Aug 1;7(3):149–59.
38.Gill R, Black AM, Dumont TM, Fleming NM. Photovoice: A Strategy to Better Understand the Reproductive and Sexual Health Needs of Young Mothers. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. Elsevier Inc; 2016 Oct 1;29(5):467–75.
39.Fortin R, Jackson SF, Maher J, Moravac C. I WAS HERE: young mothers who have experienced homelessness use Photovoice and participatory qualitative analysis to demonstrate strengths and assets. Glob Health Promot. 2015 Mar 11;22(1):8–20.
40.Kaur J. “Being Stuck”: Understanding the health-related and everyday lived experiences of young mothers in Rexdale, Ontario through a social determinants framework. Polzer J, editor. University of Western Ontario- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository; 2014. pp. 1–139.
41.Levy L, Weber S. Teenmom.ca: A Community Arts-Based New Media Empowerment Project for Teenage Mothers. Studies in Art Education. 2011 Mar 6;52(4):292–309.
42.Levy L, Weber S. “Yes I am a mother and I am still a teenager”: Teen Moms Use Digital Photography to Share their Views. Girlhood Studies. 2011 Feb 8;3(2):1–11.
43.Held V. Birth and Death. Ethics. 1989 Jan 1;99(2):362–88.
44.Rothman BK. In Labor: Women and Power in the Birthplace. New York: W & W North and Co; 1991.
45.Gore A. Queering Family. In: Gumbs AP, Martens C, Williams M, editors. Revolutionary Mothering. 2016. pp. 142–4.
46.Young IM. Punishment, Treatment, Empowerment: Three Approaches to Policy for Pregnant Addicts. Feminist Studies. 1994 Jun 13;20(1):32–57.
47.Link B, Phelan J. Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review Of Sociology. 2001 Apr 16;27:363–85.
48.van Ryn M, Fu S. Paved With Good Intentions: Do Public Health and Human Service Providers Contribute to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health? American Journal of Public Health. 2003 Jan 21;93(2):248–56.
49.Baxter NN. Equal for whom? Addressing disparities in the Canadian medical system must become a national priority. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2007 Dec 4;177(12):1522–3.
50.Phelan JC, Lucas JW, Ridgeway CL, Taylor CJ. Stigma, status, and population health. Social Science & Medicine. Elsevier Ltd; 2014 Feb 1;103(c):15–23.
51.Burton-Jeangros C. Surveillance of risks in everyday life: The agency of pregnant women and its limitations. Nature Publishing Group; 2011 Oct 5;9(4):419–36.
52.Crenshaw K. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review. 1991 Jul 5;43(6):1241–99.
53.Fleming N, Tu X, Black A. Improved Obstetrical Outcomes for Adolescents in a Community-Based Outreach Program:A Matched Cohort Study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Canada. 2012 Nov 29;Dec:1134–41.
54.Ordean A, Kahan M. Comprehensive treatment program for pregnant substance users in a family medicine clinic. Canadian Family Physician. 2011 Oct 31;57(November):e430–5.
55.Benoit C, Stengel C, Phillips R, Zadoroznyj M, Berry S. Privatisation & marketisation of post-birth care: the hidden costs for new mothers. International Journal for Equity in Health. International Journal for Equity in Health; 2012 Oct 15;11:61.
56.Freedman LP, Kruk ME. Disrespect and abuse of women in childbirth: challenging the global quality and accountability agendas. The Lancet. Elsevier Ltd; 2014 Sep 20;384(9948):e42–4.
57.Spitzer D. In Visible Bodies: Minority Women, Nurses, Time, and the New Economy of Care. Medical Anthropology Quarterly [Internet]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2004 Dec 1;18(4):490–508. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1525/maq.2004.18.4.490
58.Higginbottom GMA. ‘I have to do what I believe’: Sudanese women’s beliefs and resistance to hegemonic practices at home and during experiences of maternity care in Canada. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth [Internet]. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth; 2013 Feb 25;13(1):51. Available from: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
59.O’Mahony J, Donnelly T. Immigrant and refugee women’s post-partum depression help-seeking experiences and access to care: a review and analysis of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111); 2010 Sep 2;17(10):917–28.
60.Geronimus A. Teenage Childbearing and Personal Responsibility: An Alternative View. Political Science Quarterly. 1997 Oct 24;112(3):405–30.
61.Harris J, Croot L, Thompson J, Springett J. How stakeholder participation can contribute to systematic reviews of complex interventions. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2016 Jan 11;70(2):207–14.
62.Macaulay AC. Moving the Frontiers Forward: Incorporating Community-Based Participatory Research Into Practice-Based Research Networks. The Annals of Family Medicine. 2006 Jan 1;4(1):4–7.
63.Dion A, Joseph L, Jimenez V, Gutierrez AC, Ben Ameur A, Robert E, et al. Grounding evidence in experience to support people-centered health services. International Journal of Public Health. Springer International Publishing; 2018 Dec 11;:1–6.
64.Tuck E. Theorizing Back. In: Anyon J, editor. Theory and Educational Research Toward Critical Social Explanation. 2008. pp. 111–33. An Approach to Participatory Policy Analysis.