Table 1 Classification of TCM medical institutions
Classification
|
Beds
|
Responsibilities
|
District
|
Grade I
|
≦99
|
Provide prevention, medical, health care, and rehabilitation services
|
Single community
|
Grade II (A, B)
|
100-500
|
Provide comprehensive medical and health services and undertake certain teaching and research tasks
|
Multiple communities
|
Grade III
|
>501
|
Provide high-level specialist health services and perform higher education and research tasks
|
Several areas
|
Table 2 The operational information of sample PTHs
Year
|
Clinical Workersa
(10000 person)
|
Fixed Assetsb
(billion yuan)
|
Revenuec
(billion yuan)
|
GFId
(100 million yuan)
|
GFI/Revenue
(%)
|
2005
|
3.21
|
2.33
|
1.83
|
0.14
|
7.65
|
2006
|
3.34
|
2.64
|
1.99
|
0.16
|
8.04
|
2007
|
3.27
|
2.56
|
2.45
|
0.20
|
8.16
|
2008
|
3.49
|
2.95
|
3.23
|
0.27
|
8.36
|
2009
|
3.70
|
3.57
|
4.01
|
0.45
|
11.22
|
2010
|
3.82
|
4.10
|
4.93
|
0.68
|
13.79
|
2011
|
4.31
|
5.10
|
6.35
|
0.67
|
10.55
|
2012
|
4.62
|
6.22
|
8.38
|
0.61
|
7.28
|
2013
|
5.04
|
7.48
|
9.96
|
0.78
|
7.83
|
2014
|
5.68
|
9.04
|
12.28
|
0.90
|
7.33
|
2015
|
6.12
|
10.33
|
13.37
|
1.19
|
8.90
|
2016
|
6.42
|
12.09
|
14.55
|
1.54
|
10.58
|
2017
|
6.47
|
13.26
|
16.37
|
1.61
|
9.84
|
Average annual growth rate
|
6.02%
|
15.61%
|
20.02%
|
22.97%
|
9.20%
|
aMax stands for Maximum; bMin stands for Minimum; cAVG stands for Average; dSD stands for Standard deviation
Table 3 Characteristics of PTHs’ efficiency evaluation indexes
Hospital grade
|
Sample size
|
Indicators
|
Input indicators
|
Environmental factor
|
Fixed Assets
|
Clinical Workers
|
Technologies
|
GFI
|
100 million yuan
|
100 persons
|
items
|
100 million yuan
|
Grade III
|
23
|
Maxa
|
4.45
|
21.25
|
40.00
|
5.16
|
Minb
|
0.97
|
5.75
|
10.00
|
0.22
|
AVGc
|
1.99
|
11.46
|
25.70
|
2.38
|
SDd
|
1.311
|
6.95
|
12.54
|
2.45
|
Grade II A
|
96
|
Max
|
3.29
|
8.25
|
33.00
|
3.08
|
Min
|
0.53
|
0.75
|
9.00
|
0.05
|
AVG
|
0.80
|
3.61
|
17.26
|
0.92
|
SD
|
0.37
|
1.75
|
14.57
|
1.02
|
Grade II B
|
24
|
Max
|
1.06
|
2.90
|
20.00
|
2.98
|
Min
|
0.32
|
0.60
|
8.00
|
0.19
|
AVG
|
0.42
|
1.50
|
17.22
|
0.76
|
SD
|
0.18
|
0.70
|
13.29
|
0.85
|
aMax stands for Maximum; bMin stands for Minimum; cAVG stands for Average; dSD stands for Standard deviation
Table 4 Unit root test results of variables (0.05)
variable
|
Level test result
|
First-order difference result (D)
|
Second-order difference result (D2)
|
ADF value
|
Critical value
|
ADF value
|
Critical value
|
ADF value
|
Critical value
|
LN Y
|
1.7439
|
-1.9777
|
-0.4981
|
-1.9777
|
-3.9300
|
-1.9823
|
LN K
|
7.6575
|
-1.9740
|
-0.1238
|
-1.9823
|
-5.9347
|
-1.9823
|
LN L
|
4.9011
|
-1.9740
|
-1.2430
|
-1.9777
|
-5.2242
|
-1.9823
|
LN G
|
4.0416
|
-1.9740
|
-1.2776
|
-1.9777
|
-2.8411
|
-1.9823
|
Table 5 Co-integration test results between multiple variables
Original hypothesis
|
Eigenvalue
|
Trace (P)
|
λ-Max Eigenvalue (P)
|
No co-integration vector
|
1.0000
|
338.3943 (0.0001)
|
267.6401 (0.0001)
|
At most one co-integration variable
|
0.9870
|
70.7542 (<0.0001)
|
47.7566 (<0.0001)
|
At most two co-integration variable
|
0.7941
|
22.9976 (0.0006)
|
17.389 (0.0037)
|
At most three co-integration variable
|
0.3998
|
5.6147 (0.0212)
|
5.6147 (0.0212)
|
Table 6 The impact of GIF on the efficiency of input factors
Independent variable
|
Fixed Assets
|
Clinical Workers
|
Technologies
|
Grade III
|
Grade II A
|
Grade II B
|
Grade III
|
Grade II A
|
Grade II B
|
Grade III
|
Grade II A
|
Grade II B
|
Constant term
|
0.56E+01*** 0.12E+01
0.30E+01
|
0.22+01*** 0.66E+00 0.94E+01
|
0.46E+01*** 0.76E+00
0.86 E+01
|
0.18E+01** 0.86E+00 0.24E+01
|
0.11E+01*** 0.76E+00
0.61 E+01
|
0.07E+01*** 0.10 E+00 0.36E+02
|
0.32E+01*** 0.82E+00 0.39E+01
|
0.32E+01** 0.18E+01 0.19 E+01
|
0.28E+01 0.19E+01 0.96E+00
|
GFI
|
0.32E+00*** 0.52E-01 0.60E+01
|
-0.63E-01** 0.49E-01 -0.13E+01
|
-0.10E+00** 0.92 E-01
-0.17E+01
|
0.40E-01*** 0.66E-01 0.61E+01
|
-0.20E-01** 0.58E-01 -0.35E+01
|
-0.41E-01*** 0.80 E-02
-0.51E+01
|
0.79E-01 0.69E-01 0.89E+00
|
0.90E-01** 0.63E-01 0.14E+01
|
-0.25E-01** 0.13E-01
-0.19E+01
|
δ2
|
0.11E+00*** 0.32E-01 0.35E+01
|
0.32E+00*** 0.47E-01 0.68E+01
|
0.77E+00** 0.35E+00 0.22E+01
|
0.11E+01*** 0.44E+00 0.25E+01
|
0.44E+00* 0.32E+00 0.14E+01
|
0.92E+00*** 0.92E-01 0.10E+02
|
0.27E+00 0.25E+00 0.11E+01
|
0.67E+00*** 0.93E-01 0.72E+01
|
0.45E+00*** 0.13E+00 0.35E+01
|
γ
|
0.95E+00*** 0.74E-01 0.13E+02
|
0.88E+00*** 0.36E-01 0.25E***
|
0.90E+00*** 0.14E+00 0.62E+01
|
0.95E+00*** 0.85E-01 0.64E+01
|
0.91E+00*** 0.61E-01 0.50E+01
|
0.99E+00*** 0.20E-05 0.50E+06
|
0.90E+00 0.51E-01 0.72E+01
|
0.99E+00*** 0.11E-04 0.95E+05
|
0.87E+00** 0.18E-01 0.42E+01
|
Likelihood function absolute value
|
-0.75E+01
|
-0.81E+02
|
-0.20E+02
|
-0.13E+02
|
-0.82E+02
|
-0.16E+02
|
-0.22E+02
|
-0.12E+03
|
-0.24E+02
|
Unilateral error likelihood ratio test
|
0.74E+01
|
0.13E-01
|
0.89E+00
|
0.69E-01
|
0.77E-01
|
0.47E+01
|
0.16E+01
|
0.24E+01
|
\
|
*、**、*** indicate significant levels at 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively. The values below the horizontal line are test values, P values, variances, respectively.
Table 7 Influence direction of GFI on PTHs input indicators (0.05)
Hospital grade
|
Fixed Assets
|
Clinical Workers
|
Technologies
|
Grade III
|
-a
|
-
|
-
|
Grade II A
|
+b
|
+
|
-
|
Grade II B
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
a“+” means that the increase in GFI will increase the efficiency of input utilization; b“—” means that the increase in GFI will increase the waste of input
Table 8 The efficiency-maximizing investment strategy
Hospital grade
|
GFI
|
Fixed Assets
|
Clinical Workers
|
Incrementa
(%b)
|
Increment
(%)
|
Eliminate the increment after GFI impact (%c)
|
Increment
(%)
|
Eliminate the increment after GFI impact (%)
|
100 million
|
100 million yuan
|
100 million
|
100 persons
|
100 persons
|
Grade III
|
-51.48 (-5.96)
|
5.26 (11.49)
|
4.58 (-1.49)
|
26.34 (9.99)
|
24.26 (-0.79)
|
Grade II A
|
92.63 (4.88)
|
9.99 (13.01)
|
13.23 (4.22)
|
41.55 (11.99)
|
47.44 (1.70)
|
Grade II B
|
20.34 (11.51)
|
1.28 (17.66)
|
2.49 (7.04)
|
5.28 (14.67)
|
6.84 (4.33)
|
aRefers to the amount of input required to maximize efficiency; bThe ratio of the amount of input required to achieve maximum efficiency to the current amount; cEliminate the ratio of inputs affected by GFI to the current amount