Assessment of The Renewable Energy Offshore and Wind Energy Markets Affects During The COVID-19 Virus


 The main aims of the current study are to determine during the COVID-19 epidemic effects on renewable and green energy and control the raising the cost of utilizing renewable energy to power for country energy plants using the Levelized Cost of Energy methods. Objective 1) The COVID-19 pandemic can be provided through green financial policies such as coal pricing, transferable green certificates, and loans for renewable energy markets. Objective 2) examined the cost of offshore wind power in china before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, using data from 100 offshore wind power projects constructed between 2000 and 2020. Based on results, wind power's fixed average cost of electricity fell from 0.98 Chinese yuan in 2000 to 0.79 Chinese RMB in March 2019, and subsequently to 0.75 Chinese RMB in 2020, a 13.99 percent increase. Other results average electricity generation price down to 0.79 RMB, 0.99 RMB, and 0.79 RMB and average carbon oxide emissions was 50 RMB/ton increase. The green fiscal policies will be required during the COVID-19 epidemic to promote offshore wind energy generation investment.


Introduction
Due to technological advances, wind power has become an increasingly signi cant factor in China's renewable energy system. Consumer capitalization power is critical to China's energy transformation and climate change mitigation (Tu et al. 2019b; Banerjee et al. 2021). Despite the positive outlook for China's offshore wind power, there are many di culties in expansion, including offshore wind curtailment, restricted building Land, audibility (Zhao et al. 2013; Kuzemko et al. 2020). owing to the qualities because there is no one else on the land, there is a lot of wind, and there isn't anyone else around proximity to the electrical load recent renewables has generator steady (Mattar, Guzmán-Ibarra, 2017). Since the last few years, wind farm investment costs generation has defrosted dramatically to advancements in scale economies and technology. The installed capacity of offshore wind power in China rose from 0.16 GW in 2010 to 6.49 GW in 2019.
Despite advancements in technology and economies of scale, the development cost of offshore wind turbines in China has decreased since the conclusion of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2015. The cost of a kilowatt-hour is between 6,000 and 7,000 yuan, depending on the region (Sherman et al. 2020). 1 In addition, as a result of the impact of the epidemic of wind turbines, the insu cient capacity of new wind turbines has resulted in the outbreak of COVID-19, which has been linked to the outbreak of wind turbines (Wiser et al. 2016). Additionally, the delivery invoice (FIS) is used in the offshore wind energy processing industry. The "installation value" of offshore wind turbines in China will continue to climb as the demand for these turbines grows Zhou et al. 2021). (Zhang et al. 2020). Finally, because of the detrimental impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese economy and the rise in systemic worries in the nancial sector, wind projects generation cost rise (Grunewald 2017). As a result, it is predicted that China's offshore wind power sector will decrease more. COVID-19 is expected to have a detrimental impact on the wind energy sector. Green nancing, which provides low-cost nance for the development and operation of renewable energy, can assist mitigate this impact. This supports the development of offshore wind energy projects (Ouyang and Lin 2014). Provide green certi cates, carbon offsets, and green transferable credits, as well as green transferable credits. TGC is one of China's most widely used green economy policy instruments, and it is divided into three sections. China, from coal to coal, coal to coal, and co coal (Liang and., 2019). Eight local coal markets have been este cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong, Chongqing, and emissions mentioned above to the national carbon market were declared in (Mattar and Guzmán-Ibarra 2017). The federal carbon market will begin trial (Ligus 2014)with the adoption of NDRC's "Measures for the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading" (Li et al. 2018).
Second, the Chinese TGC market is still in its early stages. TGC prices uctuate signi cantly due to the lack of a well-developed pricing mechanism, ranging from 128.6 to 382. 3  According to several studies, cost reductions in offshore wind power projects during the last decade are due not just to technological advancements and to increased funding circumstances initiatives involving offshore wind power (Yuan 2016). Green nance can provide lower-cost nancing as well as revenue offshore wind power project investment and operation. For instance, in the case of carbon pricing strategy, investors in wind farms off the coast can sell issued certi ed emission reduction (CERs) and receive emissions reduction revenues at a speci c carbon price to offset the increased investment costs of offshore wind power projects because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because China's green nancing system is still in its early stages, the impact of green nance policies on stimulating offshore wind power investment has been lightly studied, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic. To ll the literature gap, the in uence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the cost of offshore wind energy projects is investigated rst. Green nance measures, such as carbon pricing, tradable green certi cates, and green credit, were then added into the evaluation of the wind added toess of green nance evaluation in mitigating COVID-19's adverse effects was wireless. Third, the essential values of policies and the policy mix of green nance policies to promote investment in offshore wind power are expanding. Determines reasonably as policy recommendations for improving China's current green nancing system. This paper's reminder is organized as follows. The second section is devoted to a review of the literature. Section 3 introduces the technique used in this paper. The data is described in Section 4. The results are presented in Section 5. Section 6 contains a summary of the ndings.

Literature Review
This section reviews signi cant studies on the cost of offshore wind generation, the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on renewables, and green nance in China. Based on which the existing studies' research gaps are identi ed, and the main contributions are clari ed. The cost of renewable energy must be assessed. Understanding renewable energy grid parity and cost evolution in the future ( Existing studies are listed in Table 1. examine the operation and maintenance have an impact costs, connection to the grid costs, The impact of the discount rate, as well as other factors, on the ultimate cost of offshore wind energy in various countries, and examine how operation and maintenance expenses, grid connection prices, the discount rate, and other factors affect the overall cost of offshore wind production. (Falcone and Sica 2019; Bourcet and Bovari 2020).The ndings show that offshore wind power costs have dropped rapidly in the United Kingdom. Offshore wind power can now compete with traditional fossil energy power in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and other European countries, and offshore wind power can now compete with contrast, typical fossil energy power, offshore wind power costs in Japan, United States, and other countries remain higher than traditional fossil energy power. The growth of offshore wind energy in China has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, thanks to the Offshore wind power capacity is gradually increasing. According to relevant research, China's majority of offshore wind energy resources are located towards the eastern coasts of the country, with enormous development and usage potential(Ouyang and Lin 2014; Davidson et al. 2016;Tu et al. 2019b). However, due to the connection of the grid restrictions, Key technology for operation and maintenance (Sherman et al. 2020), the cost of offshore wind generation remains greater than in the developed countries mentioned above.

Renewable energy investment
Green nance is a new type of nancial It is the apex of nancial innovation in the renewable energy sector, and it was created to address environmental challenges. Sector (Ouyang andeconomic4) Various nancial policy instruments, such as carbon pricing, tradable green certi cates, and green credit, have been proposed to boost renewable energy investment alongside the development of green nancing. The

Research main Contribution
Unlike earlier research, this work makes a two-fold contribution. First, recent studies have focused on China's offshore wind resource distribution, focusing on assessing the potential for cost reductions in offshore wind power focusing. Just a little research on the cost of offshore wind exists. Generation in China that is based on actual investment and operation indeed, because of disparities in Varied regions of China have different levels of growth and offshore wind resources. There is a signi cant cost gap in offshore wind generating projects, which the COVID-19 epidemic may exacerbate. As a result, we calculate the LCOE of offshore wind power based on a set of assumptions to represent the cost evolution of Chinese offshore wind farms. A comprehensive selection of offshore wind power projects more positively in China (Lin and Zhu 2019; Ghorbanpour et al. 2021), and we examine the Covid-19's impact on the cost evolution of offshore wind generation has never been investigated to our knowledge. Second, this study quanti es the importance of green nancing in reducing the harmful consequences of climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic on offshore wind power investment, focusing on Carbon pricing, tradable green certi cates, and green credits are all ideas that may signi cantly impact policy in the future-design to promote renewable energy investment signi cantly impacted.

Methodology
The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is a calculation that determines the average cost of power production by dividing the entire cost of constructing and running a power plant by the total energy output throughout the project's lifespan. It's now a well-known measure for evaluating the prices of power generated by various energy systems (Ibiang et al., 2017;Yaghoubian et al., 2021). The LCOE may alternatively be thought of as the lowest price at which energy must be sold for the project to break even throughout its lifespan. When the present value of total discounted revenues () matches the total discounted cost throughout the system's lifespan, the LCOE is computed (N years). The formula for calculating the Present Net Value (NPV) is as follows: (1) Where d is the discount rate, and I am the cash ow in a during the covid- 19 year I, which is represented as follows: In particular, is the yearly energy output in the year I, which can be computed using the capacity, the capacity factor, the offshore wind turbine utilization rate, and the capacity factor. Maximum is the on-grid price of wind electricity and is the available utilization hours in a typical year (8760h), assuming a xed fee for the duration of the project When the whole NPV (including prepaid investment and debt, capital cost, O&M cost, loan payment, and tax) equals zero, the investment is considered successful. This price has been established. Is the project's investment costs, is the project's operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and is the project's tax cost in year one, which comprises VAT, IBT, and education costs, a surtax on urban development. In addition, the bank loan is e and 80% of the investment cost, i.e., the debt. As a result, with a loan period of (Lv et al. 2021), the loan payment may be written as The break-even power price, at which the NPV equals zero, and the investor gets a return proportionate to the discount rate, is known as the can gure it out. LCOE using.
(4) This document assesses the cost of electricity generation for green nance. Green loans, carbon pricing, and green certi cates for sale are three e nancial goods in general. As indicated in the equation, institutional investors in offshore available e wind turbines may be eligible to ex loan interest rates through commercial bank green loans and loan repayments. (3) More Invest in renewable energy and decrees the emissions and issued in the rst year and pro t from emission reductions under the carbon dioxide pricing plan. Finally, offshore wind energy investors can issue green certi cates in the transferable green certi cate (TGC) market to gain additional revenue. On the invoice from TGC. As a result, equation (4) power generation cost (4) may be written as follows:

Data explanation
This section discusses data sources, capital expenditures, power generation costs, administrative and operating costs, and other nancial aspects that have been considered when determining the company's LCOE. Projects to generate electricity wind turbines off the coast of the United States. In addition, Sections 4.6 Feed-in tariffs and 4.7 Green funding discuss offshore wind generation feed-in tariffs and green nance legislation.

Data sources
The information contained in this section mainly comes from (EAP) and (WTTD). We collect essential nancial EAP, and WTTD provides technical information for offshore wind power project development progress, wind turbine bid prices, capital costs, and capacity. For example, we are borrowing interest rates. As shown in Figure 1, the data set includes 97 offshore wind farms in Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Shanghai. These projects have the total capacity of previously approved offshore wind power projects, with a total capacity of 28.24 GW, accounting full1% of the total capacity. Therefore, the data set correctly maps China's offshore wind power industry.

Power generation
It is de ned by the maximum capacity, the capacity maximum consumption hours (8760 hours) of an offshore wind farm over the conditions such as high temperatures and high humidity overbore wind farms' operational e ciency to decline after year. This is because offshore wind turbines are becoming less e cient. Degradation rates are used to measure because graphic factors on offshore wind turbines' performance, and they are expressed as a percentage. In this post, we will learn more about the 97 % utilization rate. By contrasting the locations of offshore wind farms, you can determine the capacity factor and the amount of offshore wind energy produced by each project. According to government data, it is estimated that the average cost of running and offshore wind farms in China is 0.15 Renminbi per kilowatt-hour. Unfortunately, we are unable to compile gures on the operational expenses of offshore wind generation.

Financial parameters
Bank commercial loan interest rates have a signi cant impact on LCOE. According to the central bank energy company's benchmark interest rate, the loan interest rate for offshore wind power projects is 4.9% per year. Fifteen years have passed. Measuring the discount rate of the cost of capital related to technology and time is another important part of determining the LCOE. In this study, the discount rate is set at 6.50%. In order to support the development of offshore wind power technology, the National Development and Reform Commission lowered the offshore grid electricity price in 2019, 2020 to 0.80 yuan/kWh and 0.75 yuan/kWh, respectively ( Table 2). The cost of offshore wind turbines, installation, design, and building of wind turbines, and other auxiliary expenditures are all included in the pricing of offshore wind generating projects. Figure  Green nance is a monetary policy instrument that may be used in the United States to offer nancial support for investment and project activities. Some topics include environmental preservation, energy conservation, renewable energy, green transportation, and green buildings. Three representative political methods are green credit, carbon pricing, and tradable green certi cates. Green credit is a policy tool in which commercial banks grant preferential loans to low-carbon industry investors. Green nance has grown fast in China since the China Banking Regulatory Commission is in charge of overseeing the banking industry in China (CBRC) released green credit rules in According to the China Central Bank's "Statistical report on nancial institutions' loan investments," green credit climbed in CNY from 5.20 trillion to 9.00 trillion 2018, with renewable sources of energy accounting for around 23% of total green According to we chose eight In our study, preferred loan interest rates were found to be 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and % lower. Another green nance strategy for promoting offshore wind production is the price of carbon dioxide. Wind energy investors can sell CER-issued certi cates and pro t from emission reductions once China's domestic coal market is created. A commercial market for carbon dioxide emissions was established in 2017. The revenues from the removal of emissions might cover some of the costs of offshore wind power generating. Based on the outcomes of China's carbon dioxide pricing pilot program, we determined a carbon dioxide value between 10 and 150 yuan per tonne of carbon dioxide in Section 5. This price range approximately correlates to changes in carbon dioxide prices in China's carbon market. China has an emerging green nancial instrument called a specialized green certi cate (TGC) used for sales pilots (National Development and Reform Commission, 2017b). An earlier draft, unlike FIT, is a market-based program that can incentivize diverse users to purchase renewable energy power in the electrical market. Renewable energy generators, in particular, can sell granted green certi cates on the TGC industry are expected to create extra cash because of their renewable production. In this situation, the earnings from TGC sales can help offset some Understanding of the expenses of generating offshore wind power. By June 2020, China will have issued 5,681,112 TGCs for wind power, with a trading volume of 37,750. TGC is also available in wind power, with a price range of 128.60-273.70 yuan. The price of TGC in this article is between 130 and 270 yuan (roughly) and is closely linked to the cost of transferable green certi cates on the Chinese market.

Results And Discussion
The cost of generating electricity offshore wind turbines is estimated. Part 4 of the Covid-19 pandemic provides information about the economics of offshore wind power. In contrast, part 4 of the Covid-19 pandemic section 3 provides information about the economics of offshore wind power generated using, in contrast, described. Section 5 examines the role of green nance in reducing the life cycle cost of offshore wind power projects. 2. The impact of the policy mix on green capital and the pro tability improvement plan of offshore wind power projects should be formulated following the actual coexistence of policy tools. sharp drop of 16.17%. Since the emergence of Covid-19, the construction of offshore wind turbines has suffered losses, resulting in reduced e ciency of wind turbines and rising prices of offshore wind turbines. Therefore, by 2020, the average LCOE will increase by 10.84% to 0.79 yuan/kWh. The LCOE of the 20 projects in 2019 is lower than the FIS (0.75 yuan/kWh) in Figure 4, indicating that most of the projects will be pro table. Only three of the 19 projects will be pro table. Starting in 2020, the Covid-19

Analysis impacts of Covid
pandemic will be lower than FIS, which means that only 3% or 16% of companies will be pro table. In addition, the outcome of the Covid-19 pandemic will vary depending on your location, and average results LCOE Zhejiang province increased by 3.25%.
COVID-19 insulating standards, on the one hand, stymie the development of offshore power plants. The project's progress was postponed by the employees. COVID-19The employees postponed the project's progress certainty among stockholders who are interested in future cash ows. You may be hesitant to invest in offshore wind power projects due to unclear nancial restrictions and restricted availability.
Furthermore, the present COVID-19 offshore wind turbine pandemic has gotten more unstable as the offshore wind turbine supply chain grows more international. Finally, the COVID-19 outbreak can potentially raise the cost of wind energy for maritime can potentially.

5.2.
Green nancing strategy and the LCOE of offshore wind generating Section 4.7 describes how green tax policies may promote access to low-cost nancing and extra offshore investment and revenue while also lowering the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and increasing the pro tability of offshore wind generating projects. Offshore wind farms are being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The life cycle cost of offshore wind farms with environmentally friendly nancing alternatives, as well as the 19 life cycle cost lines of the 19 offshore and scheduled to be built by 2020, is shown. The cost of electricity is 0.68 yuan/kh and 0.69 yuan/kWh (Changle Farm offshore wind power). C) 19 wind farms (Mainland Changle C Wind Farm) with a cost of 0.86 yuan per kilowatt-hour of electricity C Wind Farm Project). In 2020, the difference between Changle C offshore wind farm and Bandon III offshore wind farm (Changle C offshore wind farm) was 0.68 yuan/kWh (Changle C offshore wind farm) (Banton III offshore wind farm). By 2020, the average xed cost and xed power cost (LCOE) of 19 offshore wind turbines will be 0.79 yuan/kWh and 0.79 yuan/kWh, respectively, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Compared to FIS (0.75 yuan/kWh), LCOE will only be able to build or compare or wind power projects by 2021. 2020 will see a rise in coal prices from 0 to 50 yuan as an increase in lucrative projects from three-sevenths to 100%. The number of winning bids fell from 3 to 11, and the benchmark loan interest rate was cut by 20 percent due to these changes in Twenty-one commercial banks in China recorded the loans.
Twenty-one commercial banks in China reported the lowest interest rate on long-term loans, a 40 percent drop from the previous month's benchmark rate. The average Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) will be decreased to 0.69 yuan/kWh to ensure overall pro tability. It is the year 2020. Following data, great laws such as coal pricing, commercial greed green loans have contributed to the reduction of energy prices and the growth in the pro tability of offshore wind projects. According to our study, offshore wind energy prices range between 0.79 yuan/kWh and 0.76 yuan/kWh, and offshore wind energy prices ranger.

Offshore wind farm life cycle costs under various policy scenarios
It is also investigated if the combination of green tax policies would in uence lowering xed energy prices for offshore wind generating projects in 20in uenceAccording to 19 alternative policy scenarios, the distribution of LCOE projects is depicted in Fig. 3. Figure 3 illustrates the entire life cycle costs of 19 offshore wind generating projects in 2020, including green credits and carbon benchmark prices and green certi cates and carbon bench including). According to Electra and the calculator's xed cost, the rate is between 0.68 and 0.86 yuan/kWh, which is lower than the benchmark rate.

The COVID-19 vaccination impacts on nancing mechanism
The names of responders are included in Table 1 Table 4 illustrates the DAP distribution of O.E. and certain COVID-19 vaccinations compensated in the form of E.O. They will pay you with RMB ten or more for this. The COVID-19 vaccine is an OE-based WTP medium. RMB 100 is the average value, whereas CN4 254 is the average value (SD = 677). The most excellent willingness to pay in the O.E. problem is 10,000 CNY. Since some respondents have a greater desire to pay than the average, the distribution of willingness to pay data is biased to the right, and the average willingness to pay is more signi cant than the median. Compared to the majority, their stated W. They were much higher (for example, RMB 1,000 and beyond); a more signi cant proportion of respondents than typical expressed an unwillingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccination.
Self-funded vaccinations for COVID-19 account for approximately 47% of all immunizations, and the average is 45% (SD = 22). The WTP value distribution from the P.S. format is shown in Table 3 is 31.1 per cent of those polled said they would be prepared to spend CNY 50 or less for COVID-19 immunization. Furthermore, the percentage of respondents ready to spend CNY 100 and Table 2 shows that CNY 200 accounted for 27.0 percent and 18.7 percent, respectively, identical to the O.E. format. In both the O.E. and the P.S. formats, the WTP was fairly consistent and durable. Willing to pay for any price pricing are required in order for any project to be viable. Table 6 and Figure 4 illustrate the results for various parameter assumptions. Operators must rst address the issue of predictability in offshore wind generation, resulting in increased operating and maintenance expenses (Tu et al. 2019a;Sherman et al. 2020). The operation and maintenance resulting sensitivity analysis will determine each offshore wind farm's CO2 serenity and needed value. We picked 0.1 yuan/kWh for the small scenario and 0.2 yuan/kWh for the big case, based on the difference between the two (EMI, 2014). During the same period, the average cost of offshore wind power climbed from 0.74 yuan per kWh to 0.85 yuan, while the average running price went from 0.10 yuan per kWh to 0.20 yuan per kWh. Maintaining the facility has become more expensive than planned, as indicated in Table 3.
With regard to offshore wind power, the cost of electricity generation has a more signi cant impact. To better understand the viability of offshore wind power projects, we assessed the LCOE of 19 offshore wind power projects in 2020, with the current FIS being 0.75 yuan/kWh. The CO 2 price ranges from 62.24 yuan per ton of CO 2 to 94.93 yuan per tonne of CO 2 , 143.97 yuan per ton of CO 2 , and 185.59 yuan per ton of CO 2 , depending on the country. For offshore wind power plants, the operational cost is 0.1 yuan per kWh and 0.12 yuan for every tone of electricity. Our kilowatt-hour energy. The rate of exchange stays at ve yuan/0.0. Alternatively, 0.2 yuan/kWh CNY and the fundamental value of TGC 75. As a result, the operational value of CO 2 and TGC is in uenced by changes in variable operating expenses. Higher levels of CO 2 and TGC are required to decrease the increased operating expenses associated with company start-up and maintenance on offshore platforms. This application proved the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines and drew the attention of investors and government o cials' attention. Sherman & Co is a business with its headquarters in New York (2020). The table shows 3.13 yuan/kWh or 0.71 yuan/kWh, assuming a utilization rate of 90-99 per cent, the in uence of utilization rate on LCOE, accurate carbon price, and TGC cost under different utilization rates, and the impact of utilization rate on LCOE, accurate carbon price, and TGC cost. This demonstrates that reduced energy production costs will lead to lower rates of energy consumption. For example, when comparing the nancial impact of offshore wind power projects today to the economic impact of all offshore wind power projects in 2020, the CO 2 value (TGC value) required for pro t in 2020 is 673.46 yuan/ton CO 2 , 284.22 yuan/ton CO 2 , 143 and 97 yuan/ton CO 2 , and 673.46 yuan/ton CO 2 . The crucial TGC price is 685.18 yuan, and 296 yuan when the carbon dioxide utilization rate reaches 90 percent, 95 percent, 97 percent, and 99 percent yuan/ton carbon dioxide and the 12.21 yuan/ton carbon dioxide utilization rate is reached, respectively. Coal prices and TGC regulations, as a result, may be advantageous to them. Invest in offshore wind farms and get the rewards of doing so.
Finally, the capacity factor re ects the prospective status of offshore wind farms, which may impact the lifecycle cost of electricity by offshore wind turbines (Tu et al. 2019a;Sherman et al. 2020). It is recommended that the capacity factor be between 30 and 45 percent, according to the International Renewable Energy Organization (IRENA, 2020). It can be shown in Table 3 that by raising the average Levelized cost of electricity) of offshore wind generation from 30% to45%, the cost is lowered from RMB 1.06/kWh to RMB 0.76/kWh. As the cost of energy generation declines, the capacity factor rises in proportion to it. If the cost of power generation for all offshore wind power projects is compared to that of FIS, the cost of power generation for all offshore wind power projects in 2020 will be RMB 487.02/tonne CO 2 , RMB 272.55/tonne CO 2 , RMB 143.97/tonne CO 2 , RMB 41.52/ CO 2 and TGC. The critical tonnage is 498.82 yuan, 284.51 yuan, and 156.01 yuan for the rst, second, and third places. As coal costs continue to increase and TGC rules become more stringent, offshore wind farms are becoming an increasingly appealing source of renewable power. Determine the cost of energy generated by offshore wind turbines.
Among the topics covered in Part 4 of the Covid-19 pandemic is the economics of offshore wind power, while Part 3 examines the pro tability of offshore wind power provided by speci c technologies. On the fth page, we look at the impact of green nance on lowering the total cost of ownership of offshore wind farms. The in uence of the policy mixes on green capital and the approach for increasing the pro tability of offshore wind power projects must be tailored to the actual cohabitation of policy instruments. Whether or not Covid-19 will in uence offshore wind power projects/life cycle cost of offshore wind farms. Compared to 2014, the average xed electricity cost (LCOE) of wind generation has decreased considerably, falling from RMB 0.86/kWh to RMB 0.72/kWh in 2016, representing a 16.17 percent decrease year-on-year. Consequently, the offshore wind turbine sector has been suffering losses since the development of Covid-19, which has resulted in a decrease in wind turbine e ciency and an increase in the price of offshore wind turbines.

Conclusions
The growth of offshore wind power is essential to the world's ability to meet its CO 2 reduction objectives and change its energy sector in the following years. For its part, the COVID-19 epidemic has slowed or completely halted the building of offshore wind turbines, resulting in higher construction costs and a scarcity of offshore wind turbines on the market. In this particular example, the cost of offshore wind energy and production investment has grown considerably after the changeover to COVID-19, which has hampered the development of offshore wind power. Because it is the sole government instrument available, green nance may assist offshore wind power projects to reduce rising production costs and increase their pro tability. This research aims to determine whether and how green nance options may be used to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on offshore wind power production.
Currently, the United States is highly interested in offshore wind energy. The life cycle costs of 97 offshore wind energy projects have been estimated. This study, which ran from 2014 to 2020, examined LCOE projects completed before and after the COVID-19 epidemic to determine if the pandemic in uenced LCOE offshore wind energy projects. The LCOE calculations include the inclusion of green nancing legislation (such as marketable green assets, renewable energy credits, and green quotas) to determine the in uence on the pro tability of low-cost-of-energy (LCOE) and offshore wind farms. These ndings may substantially impact decision-makers who are attempting to enhance green nancing and offshore wind energy resource development following the COVID-19 epidemic. The cost of offshore wind energy generation has been decreased signi cantly. Electricity rates decreased by 15.16 percentage points between 2014 and 2019, going from 0.86 yuan/kWh to 0.72 yuan/kWh in 2014.
Please note that the cost of offshore wind turbines is an estimate based on current energy costs in 2020, starting at 8.71 per cent of COVID-19-epidemic levels. Daraus is part of the COVID-19 outbreak, and he invests in renewable energy and offshore sur ng. However, some of the most prevalent causes of longterm outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are publicly publicized, and the number of COVID-19 episodes worldwide continues to rise. I do not think investing in energy-saving measures would help you establish long-term strategies and strategic policies to combat the COVID-19 epidemic.
Green nance policies, such as carbon dioxide ownership, relevant green certi cates, and green credits, can be used to obtain cash or nancing for a project's entire cost, which is typically outside the window. Green nance in China has made its way into the classrooms of youngsters. In offshore wind farms, this straightforward political tactic is familiar, accessible, and inexpensive. Short-term plans, as well as corporate and nancial security strategies, can all be combined. However, authorities may not punish investments in offshore windows during the COVID-19 epidemic because FIS has not been allowed in recent years.
Many missing data pieces, such as cost-effectiveness, capacity factors, and offshore wind farms, will be accompanying the major funding plan behind the COVID-19 epidemic. Aside from maintenance expenses, the tight shutdown of offshore wind turbines, capacity factors, and substantial nancial resources are all required. These fundamental disparities are incredible and may vary in magnitude with the offshore development of offshore wind power technologies. For politicians, this outcome has signi cant political implications. We will ensure that various policies are implemented by promoting offshore wind projects in various regions of China. In addition, the learning effect is critical for lowering wind energy costs, which the learning rate and future capacity must control. The cost of offshore wind farms may be raised by giving rms clear nance regulations, technical assistance, and offshore wind energy technologies.
Both sides will have a strategic strategy that is centered on this outcome. Short-term, the regulators should promote offshore wind energy's participation in the national emissions trading market while also expanding the availability of green loans for subsidizing offshore wind energy investments. Offshore Wind energy entrenchment's advantages will be eeting during the COVID-19 outbreak. CO 2 offshore wind turbine controllers and speci c offshore wind turbines from domestic market brands will be offset at that point. You can receive inexpensive nance and comprehensive offshore window leasing in addition to green credit investors. R&D funding will be increased in the long run to develop offshore wind energy technologies. Despite the continuous decrease in the cost of offshore wind power in China, the country still confronts several challenges in attaining the same price as conventional coal, including high operating and maintenance expenses and high investment costs. According to our ndings, the cost of operation and maintenance, the cost of consumption, and the capacity of offshore wind turbines are the three major elements that in uence the e cacy of green nance policies. To promote R&D investment and general technical innovation in the offshore wind power business, the government should give R&D subsidies and tax relief. This will improve utilization e ciency and reduce operational costs and nances. In this approach, gridconnected parity between renewable and conventional coal-based electricity reached sooner, contributing more signi cantly to China's carbon dioxide neutralization objective.

Declarations
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate