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Research
Mingming Zhai
fourth military medical university
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-2231
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is related to disturbed lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, a definitive drug treatment has not been approved for this disease. Studies have found that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can ameliorate hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear.
Methods: NAFLD models were established by feeding mice a high-fat diet. Simultaneously, EMF exposure is performed. The effects of the EMF on hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress were investigated. Additionally, the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways were analysed to confirm whether they were activated by the EMF.
Results: Administration of the EMF decreased the body weight, liver weight and serum triglyceride (TG) levels and restrained the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation caused by feeding the HFD. This EMF function is achieved by boosting CaMKKβ protein expression, activating AMPK phosphorylation and suppressing mature SREBP-1c protein expression. Meanwhile, the activity of GSH-Px was enhanced following an increase in nuclear Nrf2 protein expression by EMF. However, no change was observed in the activities of SOD and CAT. Consequently, EMF reduced hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, which means that EMF relieved liver damage by oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice.
Conclusions: EMF can activate the CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways to control hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress. This investigation indicates that EMF may be a novel therapeutic method for NAFLD.
Keywords
NAFLD, Electromagnetic fields, Lipid metabolism, AMPK, Oxidative stress, Nrf2
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
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Posted 01 Nov, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Nov, 2021
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Received 21 Nov, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 10 Nov, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Nov, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Nov, 2021
Reviews received
Received 29 Oct, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Oct, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Oct, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Oct, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 28 Oct, 2021
Editor invited
On 27 Oct, 2021
First submitted
On 25 Oct, 2021
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This preprint is under consideration at Lipids in Health and Disease. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Mingming Zhai
fourth military medical university
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-2231
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 01 Nov, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Nov, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 21 Nov, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 10 Nov, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Nov, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Nov, 2021
Reviews received
Received 29 Oct, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Oct, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Oct, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Oct, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 28 Oct, 2021
Editor invited
On 27 Oct, 2021
First submitted
On 25 Oct, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is related to disturbed lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, a definitive drug treatment has not been approved for this disease. Studies have found that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can ameliorate hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear.
Methods: NAFLD models were established by feeding mice a high-fat diet. Simultaneously, EMF exposure is performed. The effects of the EMF on hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress were investigated. Additionally, the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways were analysed to confirm whether they were activated by the EMF.
Results: Administration of the EMF decreased the body weight, liver weight and serum triglyceride (TG) levels and restrained the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation caused by feeding the HFD. This EMF function is achieved by boosting CaMKKβ protein expression, activating AMPK phosphorylation and suppressing mature SREBP-1c protein expression. Meanwhile, the activity of GSH-Px was enhanced following an increase in nuclear Nrf2 protein expression by EMF. However, no change was observed in the activities of SOD and CAT. Consequently, EMF reduced hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, which means that EMF relieved liver damage by oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice.
Conclusions: EMF can activate the CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways to control hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress. This investigation indicates that EMF may be a novel therapeutic method for NAFLD.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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