In order to study the hysteretic behavior of concrete filled square CFRP steel tubular Beam-Column under different influence factors, 12 specimens were designed, and the failure mode, middle section lateral force-deflection(P-Δ) curve, middle section bending moment-curvature(M-φ) curve and middle section deflection-deformation(Δ−Δ') curve were studied. Axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient as influencing factors, the effects of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient on P-Δ skeleton curve, M-φ skeleton curve, strength and stiffness degradation, ductility, cumulative energy consumption and other indexes were studied; the P-Δ curve and deformation mode of the specimens were simulated by ABAQUS, and the effects of axial compression ratio, slenderness ratio and other main parameters on the hysteretic performance of the members were studied. The test results show that CFRP has good lateral restraint and longitudinal reinforcement effect on CFST, and the local buckling of CFST is delayed. The P-Δ curve and M-φ curve of all specimens are full. In addition, the steel tube and CFRP have good synergy in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The change of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient has no significant effect on the strength degradation. The increase of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient can improve the flexural capacity and stiffness of the specimens, and slow down the stiffness degradation, but reduce the ductility and cumulative energy consumption of the specimens. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the P-Δ curve and deformation mode of specimens. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the model analysis of the main parameters, it is found that the increase of steel yield strength and CFRP layers can improve the bearing capacity of the specimens, and the axial compression ratio has the most significant effect on the specimens.