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Research Article
Jamal Ameen
University of South Wales, UK
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Background
The 2003 liberation/invasion of Iraq and the resulting casualties from civilians and armed forces attracted researchers publishing in high prestigious journals but little was mentioned about the events that led to the armed intervention. This paper assesses the human cost of successive Iraqi governments’ tyrannical rule in Kurdistan Region of Iraq over three decades.
Method
The two most recent and reliable census datasets of 1947 and 1957 were used to estimate fertility and survival rates by age group under normal circumstances. These were used in the classical Leslie Matrix to predict the 2007 Kurdistan Region of the Iraqi population. Results were contrasted with estimates for the same year that were obtained by the World Food Programme as part of their Food Security Analysis for Iraq to arrive at estimates that would indicate the scale of the loss in human capital from Saddam Hussein’s tyranny.
Findings
The Kurdistan Region has lost around 1,911,479 people of which 1,043,549 were male and 867,930 female of different age groups. These include the direct victims of past genocide actions of successive Iraqi governments as well as those who sought refuge beyond the boundaries of the Kurdistan Region during past decades.
Interpretation
Saddam Hussein’s actions were directed to all indigenous inhabitants irrespective of gender and age. As such, any possible offspring, had life continued as normal, is counted as human loss. Demographical, socio-political and the environmental impact of Saddam Hussien’s tyrannical rule are worthy of further investigation.
Keywords
Cost of Tyranny, Leslie Matrix, Migration, Fertility rate, survival probabilities
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research Article
Jamal Ameen
University of South Wales, UK
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 2
Posted 13 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
No comments provided
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Anthropology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Background
The 2003 liberation/invasion of Iraq and the resulting casualties from civilians and armed forces attracted researchers publishing in high prestigious journals but little was mentioned about the events that led to the armed intervention. This paper assesses the human cost of successive Iraqi governments’ tyrannical rule in Kurdistan Region of Iraq over three decades.
Method
The two most recent and reliable census datasets of 1947 and 1957 were used to estimate fertility and survival rates by age group under normal circumstances. These were used in the classical Leslie Matrix to predict the 2007 Kurdistan Region of the Iraqi population. Results were contrasted with estimates for the same year that were obtained by the World Food Programme as part of their Food Security Analysis for Iraq to arrive at estimates that would indicate the scale of the loss in human capital from Saddam Hussein’s tyranny.
Findings
The Kurdistan Region has lost around 1,911,479 people of which 1,043,549 were male and 867,930 female of different age groups. These include the direct victims of past genocide actions of successive Iraqi governments as well as those who sought refuge beyond the boundaries of the Kurdistan Region during past decades.
Interpretation
Saddam Hussein’s actions were directed to all indigenous inhabitants irrespective of gender and age. As such, any possible offspring, had life continued as normal, is counted as human loss. Demographical, socio-political and the environmental impact of Saddam Hussien’s tyrannical rule are worthy of further investigation.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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