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Research article
Jing Le Zhu
Paulowina R&D Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-8994
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Eucommia ulmoides ‘Oliver’ is an economically important tree species with highly medicinal and ecological values that is naturally distributed in China. E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 12’ (H12) is the only red-leaf genotype of this species. In this study, the pigment contents of H12 and E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 11’ (H11, green leaves) were determined. The differential metabolites in H12 and H11 were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome. Then the key metabolites and corresponding gene regulation in anthocyanin related metabolic pathway were analyzed.
Results: The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in H12 leaves were lower than H11, while the total anthocyanin content in H12 was 4.06 times higher than in H11. There were 96 up-regulated metabolites in H12, including anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, flavonoid and flavonol. Among them, four differentially expressed anthocyanins were identified. A total of 8,368 differentially expressed genes were selected from transcriptome between H12 and H11. The flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway, anthocyanin pathway and photosynthetic pathway were analyzed. Finally, EuCHI, EuF3'H, EuF3'5'H, EuDFR and Eu3MaT1 were recommended as the key genes. The cyanidin, cyanidin 3-malonyl-glucoside and cyanidin 3, 5-glucoside were responsible for the H12 red leaves.
Conclusion: This study revealed the metabolites and gene regulation of anthocyanin synthesis, and the potential function between the anthocyanin and photosynthetic gene expression in E. ulmoides red leaves. Notably, the results also provided a reference for the study of other plant leaf-coloring mechanisms.
Keywords
Eucommia ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 12’, anthocyanin, transcriptome, metabolome, cyanidin
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Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.docx
Additional file 1-Figure S1. Important mass spectrograms of 4 anthocyanins, cyaniding and dihydroquercetin. The molecular formula, molecular weight and mass spectrometry information (m/z, retention time) were given.
- Additionalfile2.docx
Additional file 2-Figure S2. Some KEGG Enrichment pathways of differential metabolites, including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis (ko00944), flavonol biosynthesis (ko00941), anthocyanin biosynthesis (ko00942), biosynthesis of amino acids (ko01230) and Glutathione metabolism (ko00480) pathways.
- Additionalfile3.docx
Additional file 3-Figure S3. The top 20 pathways of the GO enrichment analysis. here differentially metabolized genes enriched in the pathways. Three stars represented the groups of genes were significantly different at false discovery rate < 0.001. Two stars represented the difference was significantly less than 0.01.
- Additionalfile4.docx
Additional file 4-Figure S4. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes
- Additionalfile5.docx
Additional file 5-Figure S5. Differentially expressed genes of photosynthesis pathways, including photosynthesis pathway (ko00195) and photosynthesis antenna proteins (ko00196).
- Additionalfile6.docx
Additional file 6- Table S1. Primer sequences for RT-qPCR validation.
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research article
Jing Le Zhu
Paulowina R&D Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-8994
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
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History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 13 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Eucommia ulmoides ‘Oliver’ is an economically important tree species with highly medicinal and ecological values that is naturally distributed in China. E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 12’ (H12) is the only red-leaf genotype of this species. In this study, the pigment contents of H12 and E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 11’ (H11, green leaves) were determined. The differential metabolites in H12 and H11 were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome. Then the key metabolites and corresponding gene regulation in anthocyanin related metabolic pathway were analyzed.
Results: The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in H12 leaves were lower than H11, while the total anthocyanin content in H12 was 4.06 times higher than in H11. There were 96 up-regulated metabolites in H12, including anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, flavonoid and flavonol. Among them, four differentially expressed anthocyanins were identified. A total of 8,368 differentially expressed genes were selected from transcriptome between H12 and H11. The flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway, anthocyanin pathway and photosynthetic pathway were analyzed. Finally, EuCHI, EuF3'H, EuF3'5'H, EuDFR and Eu3MaT1 were recommended as the key genes. The cyanidin, cyanidin 3-malonyl-glucoside and cyanidin 3, 5-glucoside were responsible for the H12 red leaves.
Conclusion: This study revealed the metabolites and gene regulation of anthocyanin synthesis, and the potential function between the anthocyanin and photosynthetic gene expression in E. ulmoides red leaves. Notably, the results also provided a reference for the study of other plant leaf-coloring mechanisms.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.docx
Additional file 1-Figure S1. Important mass spectrograms of 4 anthocyanins, cyaniding and dihydroquercetin. The molecular formula, molecular weight and mass spectrometry information (m/z, retention time) were given.
- Additionalfile2.docx
Additional file 2-Figure S2. Some KEGG Enrichment pathways of differential metabolites, including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis (ko00944), flavonol biosynthesis (ko00941), anthocyanin biosynthesis (ko00942), biosynthesis of amino acids (ko01230) and Glutathione metabolism (ko00480) pathways.
- Additionalfile3.docx
Additional file 3-Figure S3. The top 20 pathways of the GO enrichment analysis. here differentially metabolized genes enriched in the pathways. Three stars represented the groups of genes were significantly different at false discovery rate < 0.001. Two stars represented the difference was significantly less than 0.01.
- Additionalfile4.docx
Additional file 4-Figure S4. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes
- Additionalfile5.docx
Additional file 5-Figure S5. Differentially expressed genes of photosynthesis pathways, including photosynthesis pathway (ko00195) and photosynthesis antenna proteins (ko00196).
- Additionalfile6.docx
Additional file 6- Table S1. Primer sequences for RT-qPCR validation.
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