3.1. X-ray pattern analysis
Figure 1 represents the X-ray peaks of PVA/PAAM/PAA PB film with different AgNPs contents. The X-ray peak of PVA/PAAM/PAA matrix polymers of shows one peak describe the semi crystalline structure of the matrix polymers at 2θ of 20°. AgNPs addition leads to appear an important decline in peak sharpness due to the interaction that resulted between the PNCs contents. Also, AgNPs addition was found by the appearance of a low intense peak at 2θ of 40°. The Bragg patterns occur at 2θ = 20° (110), and 40° (101) are known for the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgNPs. The peaks of AgNPs were compared with [18], and without any shifting. X-ray patterns were detected a hardly observed increase of the crystalline structure with increasing AgNPs.
3.2. Analysis of FT-IR spectrum
The certain functional groups of matrix PVA/PAAM/PAA, PB with different AgNPs contents were computed from FT-IR spectrum, as investigated in (Fig. 2. and Table 2). Fig. 2, shows clear peaks at 3750.13, 3748.16, 3754.13 and 3741.68 cm−1 of O–H stretching bond [19, 20], whereas the N–H stretching bonds were appeared at 2889.97, 2890.26, 2889.19 and 2885.43 cm−1 [21, 22, 23]. The C=O starching were referred to the intense peaks at 1733.38,1716.41, 1713.34 and 1718.32 cm−1 [24]. The peaks were located at 1340.90, 1340.54,1342.17 and 1343.13cm−1 reflect the S=O stretching bond [25]. The peaks were located at the 1240.31, 1239.52, 1237.14 and 1238.13 cm−1 reflect the C-O stretching bonds [25]. The peaks were located at the 1098.40, 1097.62, 1096.46 and 1096.53 cm−1 reflect the C-O stretching, 960.90, 960.90, 960.91 and 960.93 cm−1 and 841.15, 840.75, 840.78 and 840.81 cm−1 reflect the C=C stretching bond [25]. The new bonds approved the formation of PVA/PAAM/PAA PB, while the loaded of AgNPs lead to raising in intensity of peak, due to network disposal between AgNPs and matrix functional groups. Also, AgNPs reasoned a minor variation in the peak situ of FT-IR, then, Table 2 refers, there is no important variance in matrix material chemical nature after loaded reported as [26], thus, there are new peaks caused by the C=O stretching bond at 1540 cm−1, that clearly referred which AgNPs were successfully doped.
Table 2
Characteristics chemical bands of ho, h1, h2 and h3 samples.
| h0 | h1 | h2 | h3 | Group | Comp. class | Reference |
| 3750.13 | 3748.16 | 3754.13 | 3741.68 | O–H Stretching | alcohol | [19, 20] |
| 2889.97 | 2890.26 | 2889.19 | 2885.43 | N–H stretching | amine salt | [21, 22, 23] |
| 1733.38 | 1716.41 | 1713.34 | 1718.32 | C=O stretching | ester | [24] |
| - | 1541.50 | 1548.46 | 1544.38 | C=C stretching | cyclic alkene | [25] |
| 1340.90 | 1340.54 | 1342.17 | 1343.13 | S=O stretching | sulfate | [25] |
| 1240.31 | 1239.52 | 1237.14 | 1238.13 | C-O stretching | alkyl aryl ether | [25] |
| 1098.40 | 1097.62 | 1096.46 | 1096.53 | C-O stretching | secondary alcohol | [26] |
| 960.90 | 960.90 | 960.91 | 960.93 | C=C bending | alkene | [26] |
| 841.15 | 840.75 | 840.78 | 840.81 | C=C bending | alkene | [26] |
3.3. UV-V spectrum analysis
Figure 2 represent the UV-V spectrum of raw material blend after and before doping with AgNPs in spectrum range of 200-800 nm, from figure can notice that one band appear at 350 nm assigned to (n → π*, N=N) related to raw material and another band which appear at 290 nm assigned to (n → π*, C=O) related to the wavelength shifting which happens after doping, furthermore the UV-V spectrum for the ho,h1,h2 and h3 samples showed one broadband between 300-400 nm. The addition AgNPs to the polymeric blend improved the UV absorbance spectrum, due to to the good diffusion and homogeneity of AgNPs in the matrix as shown in Fig. 3, furthermore Figure 2 refers to increasing the amount of AgNPs which decreased the function of polymer because network formulations [27, 28]. Hence the absorbance were increased after doping and the h3 sample has greatest absorbance value.
3.4. OM morphology
Figure 3 illustrates the OM images of matrix polymer blend film, with different AgNPs contents at power of magnification 40X. Fig. 3-ho offers which the PVA/PAAM/PAA PB has acceptable dissolving and homogenous. The h1, h2, and h3 morphological images in the same figure refer to the diffusion of AgNPs in the matrix. AgNPs were perfectly propagated inside the PB. The images also exhibit which no any aggregation occurred in the PNCs film. The reason of that associated to the interaction which missing between the matrix and additives. The images also show which when the doped of AgNPs increase, the consistency of the surface increase de to the cross linking created between the matrix polymers and AgNPs. These behaviors are good agreement with previous OM images reported with [29]. The amorphous structure or nature of surfaces were improved after the doped of AgNPs.
3.5. The efficiency of γ-S
The significant nature of the interaction between γ-radiation and materials is a limited case to examination to compute the efficiency of these type of radiations to diffuse in the mediums that because the nature of reaction helped to choose the more applicable γ-S. Materials which are assumed to be applied as shields against γ-radiation should have higher thickness and atomic number and as such materials assess a larger probability of interactions that indicate highest energy transfer with γ-radiation [30]. The matters with lower density and atomic number can manufacture of raised thickness as significantly as high atomic number materials in γ-radiation protection [31, 32]. The polymer blend and PNCs show encouraging proper alternate selector to concrete and others in the field of γ-S due to its lightweight, durability, elasticity over with acceptable physical, mechanical, and γ-S [33, 34]. The polymer matrixes can easily be loaded with different great amounts of high atomic number matters to fabricate their PNCs that are more respective γ-S [35]. Figure 4 shows that the N/No values were decreased with the increasing of AgNPs. The distance between the source and sample was 5 cm and between the detector and sample was 10 cm. The values of PNCs attenuation coefficient showed in figure 5 were increased with increasing of AgNPs. These findings offer a very close results if comparing with the attained results via PCs with concrete, furthermore, PCs have an characteristic over lead and concrete because of its minimum mobility properties, conductivity and the capability to prevent γ-radiation shot [36, 37]. The loaded of AgNPs improves the physical properties of matrix material such as flexibility, density and attenuation coefficient and create it more appropriate for using in γ-S.