Because of its advanced stage and dismal prognosis, treating KIRP is a serious clinical challenge[]. M6A mutations have an effect on lncRNA processing. It regulates cellular proliferation and maturation, both of which are associated with cancer formation[]. The activation and inhibition of tumor-related signaling pathways in the urinary tract were thought to be tightly linked to m6A regulators[]. As a result, inhibiting the m6A mutation in cancer cells could have a broad impact on cancer research[]. In recent years, there has been many interest in the interaction hypothesis between m6A and lncRNAs[]. These findings demonstrate that the m6A-lncRNA regulation network plays a role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, pointing to innovative cancer diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Therefore, we believe that further investigation of the molecular process of lncRNA and m6A mutual regulation, as well as a better understanding of the relationship between the m6A regulatory molecule and target gene RNA modification, will be a hotspot for the discovery of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in malignant tumors.
In this study, we retrieved m6A-related gene expression data and differentiated between mRNA and lncRNA. The link between m6A-related gene expression and lncRNAs was investigated using co-expression analysis. We discovered a phenomenon in the co-expression network plot in which numerous lncRNAs were associated with m6A-related genes in KIRP. The confidence interval and hazard ratio were determined using data on prognosis-related lncRNAs. M6A-related lncRNAs were discovered to be closely connected with the prognosis of the KIRP in a university Cox regression study. This study discovered 32 m6A-lncRNAs that are associated with prognosis and expresses differently in tumor and normal tissues. Some lncRNAs have been discovered to be overexpressed in tumors. Whereas others have been found to be overexpressed in normal tissue. GPRIN1 was shown to be overexpressed in KIRP, and it was linked to a poor prognosis in a pan-cancer study. GPRIN1 was shown to be overexpressed in KIRP, and it was linked to a poor prognosis in a pan-cancer study[]. Ruyi He[] discovered that GAS6-AS1 expression was also up-regulated in kidney cancer; nevertheless, KIRP patients in the high-expression group of GAS6-AS1 had better overall survival than those in the low-expression group. The m6A modification of lncRNAs serves a vital role in altering lncRNA structure and regulating their interaction with proteins by monitoring gene transcription inhibition and modifying its subcellular distribution[]. Despite the fact that there has been little investigation into m6A-lnRNA and the KIRP. Built on the findings presented above, we may conclude that a change in the m6A-lncRNAs is linked to the onset and progression of KIRP. The results of our investigation, which reveal that multiple m6A-lncRNAs are overexpressed in tumors but not in normal tissue, are well accounted for by the previous studies. M6A-lncRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
We investigated the involvement of m6A-lncRNAs in KIRP in greater depth. The predictive importance of m6A-lncRNAs was determined using survival analysis based on lncRNA subtypes. Low-risk lncRNAs improve the prognosis of KIRP patients. Furthermore, lncRNAs have been linked to patient outcomes in KIRP. Because most of the m6A-lncRNAs in our study were minimally expressed in KIRP, there was no change in expression of m6A-lncRNAs in distinct clusters. There have simply been a few studies on m6A-related lncRNA alterations. As a result, more research has responsibility for determining the precise mechanism of m6A-related lncRNA alteration and identification, as well as to confirm our findings.
FANCL (FA Complementation Group L) is a gene that codes for proteins. Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group L, and Vacterl Association are all diseases related with FANCL. BARD1 signaling events and the BRCA1 Pathway are two of its associated pathways.[]. FANCL fold and activity may lead to carcinogenesis in these non-FA cancer patients, and the FA gene is important in the advancement of general malignancies[]. At present, no research has been conducted on FANCL and KIRP. However, based on our findings, the aforementioned m6A-lncRNAs could be used as a therapeutic target for KIRP. Because there have been few studies on SETD7, further research is needed to determine the exact molecular pathways underlying the above-mentioned activity that leads to tumor suppression.
Furthermore, we investigated and computed the infiltration of various immune cells in the samples to determine the involvement of immune cell infiltration and the TME in KIRP. The invasion of Plasma cells, Macrophages M0, Macrophages M2, B cells naive, and other these cells in the TME may have a detrimental effect on the prognosis of KIRP patients, according to a research of immune cell infiltration discrepancies. Cluster 1 had a higher ESTIMATE and Stroma score, indicating that there were less tumor cell purity and greater immune-related cell infiltration in the TME. Intermediate stromal score and immune score were found to be independent risk factors for disease-free survival and overall survival in KIRP patients, with exceptional discriminatory power, accuracy, and clinical effectiveness in predicting the efficacy of KIRP genetic alterations[]. M6a and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) work together to improve anticancer efficacy in ICI-resistant cancers[]. Only a small amount of research has been conducted on the relationship between ICI and m6A. However, we identified a substantial difference in the expression of TNFRSF4, TNFRSF9, TNFSF14, TNFRSF18, CD70, and other genes in our study. We expected that through modulating the invasion of the aforementioned immune cells, these genes could influence the prognosis of KIRP patients. Despite the fact that little is known about m6a-related lnRNA and KIRP. Build on the information presented above, we may conclude that immune cell infiltration of the TME affects the prognosis of KIRP patients. The lesser the tumor purity, the higher the immunological score.
In GSEA, the P53-signaling pathway was found to be the most significantly enriched pathway. p53 controls a variety of biological activities. Recent research has shown strong evidence that p53 has a role in the development of AKI and subsequent kidney healing, primarily through the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy[]. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological P53 suppression has been demonstrated to affect kidney healing following AKI[]. Picking up the previously mentioned characteristics into consideration, m6A-lncRNAs may govern KIRP cell migration and proliferation through regulating the P53 SIGNALING PATHWAY. The low-risk subtype exhibited a greater survival rate than the high-risk subtype in both the test and training groups. The KIRP result can be predicted using the m6A-lncRNA-related prognostic model. In addition, our model is under a high level of accuracy in predicting KIRP patient survival. An increase in the risk score is associated with an increase in the number of death and the high-risk ratio. Our model was also unaffected by other clinical prognostic variables that have an impact on patient outcomes. As a consequence, the model might be used in a variety of clinical circumstances. As a result, our findings and the data in the literature suggested that m6A-lncRNAs could be valuable biomarkers for predicting the fate of KIRP patients.
Despite the fact that our research presents some theoretical foundations and research suggestions, there are still definite limits. To begin, we used the TCGA dataset to construct and validate a predictive signature for m6A-related lncRNAs. We were unable to get sufficient external data from other public sources to assess the model's trustworthiness. Second, we only performed preliminary expression analyses on the signature's 3 m6A-related lncRNAs. Nevertheless, no further functional analysis or mechanistic investigations was conducted. Finally, no experiment was conducted in KIRP to confirm the interaction between prognostic lncRNAs and m6A modulators. However, in order to further understand the above findings, we will do additional research.