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Research article
Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
Universidade Nove de Julho
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-7616
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Background The direct application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) combined with a static magnetic field (sMF) (PBMT-sMF) to target tissues is shown to improve muscle performance and recovery. Studies have reported possible PBMT induced systemic effects. Notably, the extent of these effects on musculoskeletal performance and the optimal site of application remain unclear, although this information is clinically important because these factors directly affect the magnitude of the effect. We investigated the effects of PBMT-sMF on musculoskeletal performance and post-exercise recovery of muscles in exercised and non-exercised legs before the implementation of an exercise protocol.
Methods This randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled study included 30 healthy men randomly assigned to the placebo, exercised-leg, and non-exercised leg groups. Active or placebo PBMT-sMF was applied to 6 sites of the quadriceps muscle of both legs. An eccentric exercise protocol was used to induce fatigue. The following parameters were analyzed to evaluate exercise performance: peak torque assessed by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), delayed muscle pain assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), muscle injury assessed by serum creatine kinase (CK), and fatigue assessed by serum lactate levels. Evaluations were performed before implementation of the eccentric (baseline) exercise protocol, as well as immediately after and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours upon protocol completion. The Bonferroni post-hoc ANOVA test was used considering the level of statistical significance p <0.05.
Results Compared to the placebo and systemic groups, irradiation with PBMT-SMF led to statistically significant improvement (p <0.05) with regard to all variables in the exercised-leg group. Results of irradiation in the non-exercised leg group were similar to those in the placebo group with regard to all variables.
Conclusion Our results support the current evidence that irradiation of all exercised muscles produces ergogenic effects. PBMT-sMF improved performance and reduced muscle fatigue only when applied locally to muscles involved in physical activity.
Keywords
photobiomodulation therapy, static magnetic field, exercise performance, muscle performance, muscle recovery, physiotherapy, rehabilitation
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View the published article at BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
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Received 27 Mar, 2020
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Received 21 Mar, 2020
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On 08 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Mar, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
Universidade Nove de Julho
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-7616
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Version 1
Posted 07 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 20 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 31 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Orthopedics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Background The direct application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) combined with a static magnetic field (sMF) (PBMT-sMF) to target tissues is shown to improve muscle performance and recovery. Studies have reported possible PBMT induced systemic effects. Notably, the extent of these effects on musculoskeletal performance and the optimal site of application remain unclear, although this information is clinically important because these factors directly affect the magnitude of the effect. We investigated the effects of PBMT-sMF on musculoskeletal performance and post-exercise recovery of muscles in exercised and non-exercised legs before the implementation of an exercise protocol.
Methods This randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled study included 30 healthy men randomly assigned to the placebo, exercised-leg, and non-exercised leg groups. Active or placebo PBMT-sMF was applied to 6 sites of the quadriceps muscle of both legs. An eccentric exercise protocol was used to induce fatigue. The following parameters were analyzed to evaluate exercise performance: peak torque assessed by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), delayed muscle pain assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), muscle injury assessed by serum creatine kinase (CK), and fatigue assessed by serum lactate levels. Evaluations were performed before implementation of the eccentric (baseline) exercise protocol, as well as immediately after and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours upon protocol completion. The Bonferroni post-hoc ANOVA test was used considering the level of statistical significance p <0.05.
Results Compared to the placebo and systemic groups, irradiation with PBMT-SMF led to statistically significant improvement (p <0.05) with regard to all variables in the exercised-leg group. Results of irradiation in the non-exercised leg group were similar to those in the placebo group with regard to all variables.
Conclusion Our results support the current evidence that irradiation of all exercised muscles produces ergogenic effects. PBMT-sMF improved performance and reduced muscle fatigue only when applied locally to muscles involved in physical activity.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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