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Research article
Julian Chen
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection
Corresponding Author
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Background Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important and devastating cereal aphids worldwide, and its feeding can cause chlorosis and necrosis in wheat. However, little information is available on the wheat defence responses triggered by S. graminum feeding at the molecular level.
Results Here, we collected and analysed transcriptome sequencing data from leaf tissues of wheat infested with S. graminum at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hpi (hours post infestation). A total of 125,289 genes were either up- or downregulated and differed significantly in response to aphid feeding. The expression levels of a number of genes (9,761 genes) were significantly altered within 2 hpi and continued to change during the entire 48 h experiment. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis and light harvesting, and the total chlorophyll content in wheat leaves was also significantly reduced after S. graminum infestation at 24 and 48 hpi. However, a number of related genes of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence signalling pathway and MAPK-WRKY pathway were significantly upregulated at early feeding time points (2 and 6 hpi). In addition, the gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were rapidly increased at 2, 6 and 12 hpi. DAB staining results showed that S. graminum feeding induced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) accumulation at the feeding sites at 2 hpi, and increased H 2 O 2 production was detected with the increases in aphid feeding time. Pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, repressed the H 2 O 2 accumulation and expression levels of SA-associated defence genes in wheat.
Conclusions Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that defence-related pathways and oxidative stress in wheat were rapidly induced within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding. Additionally, NADPH oxidase plays an important role in aphid-induced defence responses and H 2 O 2 accumulation in wheat. These results provide valuable insight into the dynamic transcriptomic responses of wheat leaves to phytotoxic aphid feeding and the molecular mechanisms of aphid-plant interactions.
Keywords
Schizaphis graminum, transcriptomics analysis, chlorophyll content, defence responses, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, NADPH oxidase
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Mar, 2020
Version 1
Posted 03 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 23 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Genomics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Julian Chen
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Mar, 2020
Version 1
Posted 03 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 23 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
Background Schizaphis graminum is one of the most important and devastating cereal aphids worldwide, and its feeding can cause chlorosis and necrosis in wheat. However, little information is available on the wheat defence responses triggered by S. graminum feeding at the molecular level.
Results Here, we collected and analysed transcriptome sequencing data from leaf tissues of wheat infested with S. graminum at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hpi (hours post infestation). A total of 125,289 genes were either up- or downregulated and differed significantly in response to aphid feeding. The expression levels of a number of genes (9,761 genes) were significantly altered within 2 hpi and continued to change during the entire 48 h experiment. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis and light harvesting, and the total chlorophyll content in wheat leaves was also significantly reduced after S. graminum infestation at 24 and 48 hpi. However, a number of related genes of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence signalling pathway and MAPK-WRKY pathway were significantly upregulated at early feeding time points (2 and 6 hpi). In addition, the gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were rapidly increased at 2, 6 and 12 hpi. DAB staining results showed that S. graminum feeding induced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) accumulation at the feeding sites at 2 hpi, and increased H 2 O 2 production was detected with the increases in aphid feeding time. Pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, repressed the H 2 O 2 accumulation and expression levels of SA-associated defence genes in wheat.
Conclusions Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that defence-related pathways and oxidative stress in wheat were rapidly induced within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding. Additionally, NADPH oxidase plays an important role in aphid-induced defence responses and H 2 O 2 accumulation in wheat. These results provide valuable insight into the dynamic transcriptomic responses of wheat leaves to phytotoxic aphid feeding and the molecular mechanisms of aphid-plant interactions.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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