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Melker Staffan Johansson
National Research Centre for the Working Environment
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-2870
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Background: To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether it is enough to walk more, or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed. It is also unclear if this differs between adults and older adults. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. We estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day) using the software Acti4. SBP, WC and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Eligible participants had to have ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and not use antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations.
Results: Among the 1053 eligible participants we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) analyses showed that less sedentary behaviour and more walking compared to the group-specific mean composition was marginally associated with lower SBP among older adults, but not among adults. Less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was among both adults and older adults marginally associated with a lower SBP, associated with a smaller WC among adults (marginally among older adults) and associated with a lower LDL-C in both age groups.
Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower risk of CVD among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults.
Keywords
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, walking, high-intensity physical activity, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
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On 16 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Jun, 2020
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On 15 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Jun, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 May, 2020
Version 1
Posted 07 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 02 Jan, 2020
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On 02 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 Jan, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Melker Staffan Johansson
National Research Centre for the Working Environment
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-2870
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 16 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 May, 2020
Version 1
Posted 07 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 02 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
Background: To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether it is enough to walk more, or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed. It is also unclear if this differs between adults and older adults. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. We estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day) using the software Acti4. SBP, WC and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Eligible participants had to have ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and not use antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations.
Results: Among the 1053 eligible participants we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) analyses showed that less sedentary behaviour and more walking compared to the group-specific mean composition was marginally associated with lower SBP among older adults, but not among adults. Less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was among both adults and older adults marginally associated with a lower SBP, associated with a smaller WC among adults (marginally among older adults) and associated with a lower LDL-C in both age groups.
Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower risk of CVD among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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