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Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Melker Staffan Johansson
National Research Centre for the Working Environment
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-2870
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
Background: It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition.
Results: Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups.
Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.
Keywords
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, walking, high-intensity physical activity, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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On 16 Jun, 2020
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On 15 Jun, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 May, 2020
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Received 24 May, 2020
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Received 12 May, 2020
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On 05 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 May, 2020
Editor invited
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Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
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On 02 Jan, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Melker Staffan Johansson
National Research Centre for the Working Environment
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-2870
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 3
Posted 17 Jun, 2020
Published
On 06 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 16 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 02 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
Background: It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition.
Results: Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups.
Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4