This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research Article
Naoto Yabe
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-4255
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- This study involved human subjects.
- The author confirmed that all appropriate ethical guidelines for the use of human subjects have been followed, any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee review has been obtained, and information about the IRB/ethics committee is included in the manuscript.
- The author has confirmed that all necessary patient/participant consent or assent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. If the IRB/ethics committee waived the requirement for patient/participant consent or assent, an explanation for the waiver is included in the text.
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Following the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Japanese government announced the Declaration of a State of Emergency in April 2020, which aimed to decrease contact between people and requested that residents refrain from leaving home. Even in the absence of penalties, outings decreased under the declaration. We are interested in how outings declined and studied the substitution relationship between Internet use and outings. A web-based survey was conducted to collect data on Internet use and outings in a retrospective manner. The period covered by our data is from mid-February to mid-May 2020. Multilevel analysis and correspondence analysis were performed to examine the relationship between Internet use and outings. The results clearly show that Internet use replaced outings. In particular, Internet use for socializing, exercise, and leisure/entertainment had a significant substitution relationship with outings. In contrast, there was a weak substitution relationship between Internet use for daily shopping and outings. Although telework tends to be an accepted focus of Internet use under the COVID-19 outbreak, it should not be overlooked that other uses of the Internet, such as for leisure/entertainment, also supported the decline in outings.
Keywords
COVID-19, Internet, outings, substitution relationship, the Declaration of a State of Emergency, Japan
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- FigureS1.png
Figure S1: Statistical equation modeling for the relation between time spent outside and step count. Note: Path coefficients from slope of time spent outside/step count are set to 0 for late February, 1 for early Mar, 2 for mid-Mar, and so on. Path coefficients from intercept of time spent outside/step count are set to 1 for all paths.
- FigureS1.png
Figure S1: Statistical equation modeling for the relation between time spent outside and step count. Note: Path coefficients from slope of time spent outside/step count are set to 0 for late February, 1 for early Mar, 2 for mid-Mar, and so on. Path coefficients from intercept of time spent outside/step count are set to 1 for all paths.
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 17 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research Article
Naoto Yabe
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-4255
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 17 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- This study involved human subjects.
- The author confirmed that all appropriate ethical guidelines for the use of human subjects have been followed, any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee review has been obtained, and information about the IRB/ethics committee is included in the manuscript.
- The author has confirmed that all necessary patient/participant consent or assent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. If the IRB/ethics committee waived the requirement for patient/participant consent or assent, an explanation for the waiver is included in the text.
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Following the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Japanese government announced the Declaration of a State of Emergency in April 2020, which aimed to decrease contact between people and requested that residents refrain from leaving home. Even in the absence of penalties, outings decreased under the declaration. We are interested in how outings declined and studied the substitution relationship between Internet use and outings. A web-based survey was conducted to collect data on Internet use and outings in a retrospective manner. The period covered by our data is from mid-February to mid-May 2020. Multilevel analysis and correspondence analysis were performed to examine the relationship between Internet use and outings. The results clearly show that Internet use replaced outings. In particular, Internet use for socializing, exercise, and leisure/entertainment had a significant substitution relationship with outings. In contrast, there was a weak substitution relationship between Internet use for daily shopping and outings. Although telework tends to be an accepted focus of Internet use under the COVID-19 outbreak, it should not be overlooked that other uses of the Internet, such as for leisure/entertainment, also supported the decline in outings.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- FigureS1.png
Figure S1: Statistical equation modeling for the relation between time spent outside and step count. Note: Path coefficients from slope of time spent outside/step count are set to 0 for late February, 1 for early Mar, 2 for mid-Mar, and so on. Path coefficients from intercept of time spent outside/step count are set to 1 for all paths.
- FigureS1.png
Figure S1: Statistical equation modeling for the relation between time spent outside and step count. Note: Path coefficients from slope of time spent outside/step count are set to 0 for late February, 1 for early Mar, 2 for mid-Mar, and so on. Path coefficients from intercept of time spent outside/step count are set to 1 for all paths.
Loading...