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Original article
The rice BZ1 locus is required for glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins and galactolipid and plays a role in both mechanical strength and leaf color
Fengcheng Li
Shenyang Agricultural University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-9583
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Rice.
Background: The cell wall and chloroplast are two fundamental structures determining plant mechanical strength and grain yield. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that improve plants’ ability to develop a robust cell wall and well-developed chloroplast is of utmost importance for agricultural activities.
Results: In this study, we report the functional characterization of a novel rice mutant, brittle stem and zebra leaf (bz1), which displays altered cell wall composition and collapsed chloroplast membrane. Molecular and biochemical analysis revealed that BZ1 encodes a functional UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase (UGE) and is ubiquitously expressed with higher expression in stem and leaf tissues. Multiple techniques analyses, including immunoblots, immuno-gold, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, demonstrated a significantly impaired glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and disordered cellulose microfibril deposition in bz1. Lipid profiling assay showed that the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), a major chloroplast membrane glycolipid, was significantly decreased in bz1. Taken together, these results strongly demonstrate that BZ1 participates in UDP-galactose supply for the sugar chains biosynthesis of AGPs and MGDG, which thereby, respectively, results in altered cell wall and abnormal chloroplast development. Due to inferior mechanical strength and reduced photosynthesis, bz1 plants displayed detrimental agronomic traits, whereas BZ1 overexpressing lines showed enhanced plant growth. Transcriptome analysis of stems and leaves further showed that numerous key genes involved in AGPs biosynthesis and photosynthesis metabolism were substantially suppressed in bz1.
Conclusions: Our finding identifies BZ1 as a dual-targeting UGE protein for glycosylation of AGPs and MGDG and suggests a strategy for breeding robust elite crops.
Keywords
Mechanical strength, Leaf color, UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase, Cell wall, AGPs, MGDG, Chloroplast
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 19 May, 2020
Published
On 17 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 10 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 05 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2020
Metrics
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Subject Areas
Plant Physiology and Morphology
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This preprint is under consideration at Rice. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Original article
The rice BZ1 locus is required for glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins and galactolipid and plays a role in both mechanical strength and leaf color
Fengcheng Li
Shenyang Agricultural University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-9583
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 19 May, 2020
Published
On 17 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 10 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 05 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Plant Physiology and Morphology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Rice.
Background: The cell wall and chloroplast are two fundamental structures determining plant mechanical strength and grain yield. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that improve plants’ ability to develop a robust cell wall and well-developed chloroplast is of utmost importance for agricultural activities.
Results: In this study, we report the functional characterization of a novel rice mutant, brittle stem and zebra leaf (bz1), which displays altered cell wall composition and collapsed chloroplast membrane. Molecular and biochemical analysis revealed that BZ1 encodes a functional UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase (UGE) and is ubiquitously expressed with higher expression in stem and leaf tissues. Multiple techniques analyses, including immunoblots, immuno-gold, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, demonstrated a significantly impaired glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and disordered cellulose microfibril deposition in bz1. Lipid profiling assay showed that the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), a major chloroplast membrane glycolipid, was significantly decreased in bz1. Taken together, these results strongly demonstrate that BZ1 participates in UDP-galactose supply for the sugar chains biosynthesis of AGPs and MGDG, which thereby, respectively, results in altered cell wall and abnormal chloroplast development. Due to inferior mechanical strength and reduced photosynthesis, bz1 plants displayed detrimental agronomic traits, whereas BZ1 overexpressing lines showed enhanced plant growth. Transcriptome analysis of stems and leaves further showed that numerous key genes involved in AGPs biosynthesis and photosynthesis metabolism were substantially suppressed in bz1.
Conclusions: Our finding identifies BZ1 as a dual-targeting UGE protein for glycosylation of AGPs and MGDG and suggests a strategy for breeding robust elite crops.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8