See the published version of this preprint at BMC Pediatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research article
Brittany Watchmaker
Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60 percent over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism. Our study explores if newborn over-nutrition on the first day of life (DOL1) is associated with risk for future overweight and obesity in childhood.
Methods: Retrospective chart data was collected for full-term formula-fed infants born between January 2008 and December 2012 who continued care at the same institution. Data included the volume of formula (ml) consumed on DOL1 as well as subsequent yearly BMI measures from well child check-ups. (WCC). Overfeeding was categorized as any feed greater than or equal to 30 ml on any of the first seven feeds while controlling for birth weight.
Results: The final data set included 1106 infants (547 male; 559 female). 1023 of the 1106 newborns (93%) were overfed at least once during DOL1, while 789 of 1106 (71%) were overfed 3 or more times during their first 7 feeds. After adjusting for birth weight, infants who were overfed 5 of the first 7 feeds were 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year well child check-up (p<0.05) compared to children not overfed. Infants who were overfed on all 7 of their first 7 feeds were 7 times more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC (p=0.017).
Conclusions: Infants overfed on DOL1 were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC, compared to infants not overfed on their first day of life. Newborn families may benefit from counseling regarding age-appropriate volumes of formula during this early critical and impressionable time period. Future studies will aim to look at effect of smaller feeding bottle size on DOL1 on reducing overfeeding practices and future overweight and obesity.
Keywords
Obesity, formula, Baby Friendly, Overfeed, over-nutrition, metabolic programming, intervention, global health
Figure 1
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Pediatrics.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 14 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Feb, 2020
Version 3
Posted 12 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Submission checks complete
On 12 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 07 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 07 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 22 Jan, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 15 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 14 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Pediatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Brittany Watchmaker
Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Pediatrics.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 14 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Feb, 2020
Version 3
Posted 12 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Submission checks complete
On 12 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 07 Feb, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 07 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 22 Jan, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 15 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 14 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Pediatrics.
Background: The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60 percent over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism. Our study explores if newborn over-nutrition on the first day of life (DOL1) is associated with risk for future overweight and obesity in childhood.
Methods: Retrospective chart data was collected for full-term formula-fed infants born between January 2008 and December 2012 who continued care at the same institution. Data included the volume of formula (ml) consumed on DOL1 as well as subsequent yearly BMI measures from well child check-ups. (WCC). Overfeeding was categorized as any feed greater than or equal to 30 ml on any of the first seven feeds while controlling for birth weight.
Results: The final data set included 1106 infants (547 male; 559 female). 1023 of the 1106 newborns (93%) were overfed at least once during DOL1, while 789 of 1106 (71%) were overfed 3 or more times during their first 7 feeds. After adjusting for birth weight, infants who were overfed 5 of the first 7 feeds were 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year well child check-up (p<0.05) compared to children not overfed. Infants who were overfed on all 7 of their first 7 feeds were 7 times more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC (p=0.017).
Conclusions: Infants overfed on DOL1 were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC, compared to infants not overfed on their first day of life. Newborn families may benefit from counseling regarding age-appropriate volumes of formula during this early critical and impressionable time period. Future studies will aim to look at effect of smaller feeding bottle size on DOL1 on reducing overfeeding practices and future overweight and obesity.
Figure 1
Loading...