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Research
Faqi Li
Chongqing Medical University
Corresponding Author
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Acoustic cavitation plays an important role in the medical treatment using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), but unnecessarily strong cavitation also could deform the morphology and enlarge the size of lesions. It is known that the increase of ambient hydrostatic pressure (Pstat) can control the acoustic cavitation but the question how decrease of Pstat and dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) influences the strength of cavitation has not been thoroughly answered.
Methods
Ex vivo bovine liver tissues were immersed in degassed water with different DOC of 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L. Ultrasound (US) of 1 MHz and the spatial and temporal average intensity (Isata) of 6500 W/cm2 was used to expose two groups of in vitro bovine livers for two seconds; one group was under atmospheric pressure (Pstat = 1 bar) and the other was under sub-atmospheric pressure (Pstat = 0.1 bar). Acoustic cavitation was detected by a passive cavitation detector (PCD) during the exposure process. Echo signals at the focal zone of HIFU were monitored by B-mode ultrasound imaging before and after exposure.
Results
The results demonstrated a significant difference of broadband acoustic emissions from the cavitation bubbles, echo signals on B mode image, morphology of lesions under various condition of ambient pressure and DOC. The lesion volume in tissue was increased with the increase of ambient pressure and DOC.
Conclusion
Cavitation could be suppressed through sub-atmospheric pressure and low DOC level in liver tissue, which could provide a method of controlling cavitation in HIFU treatment to avoid unpredictable lesions.
Keywords
HIFU, Cavitation, Lesion, Sub-atmospheric pressure, Dissolved oxygen concentration
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 May, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 14 May, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 11 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 20 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 18 Nov, 2020
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomedical Engineering
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This preprint is under consideration at BioMedical Engineering OnLine. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Faqi Li
Chongqing Medical University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 May, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 14 May, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 11 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 20 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 18 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomedical Engineering
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Acoustic cavitation plays an important role in the medical treatment using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), but unnecessarily strong cavitation also could deform the morphology and enlarge the size of lesions. It is known that the increase of ambient hydrostatic pressure (Pstat) can control the acoustic cavitation but the question how decrease of Pstat and dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) influences the strength of cavitation has not been thoroughly answered.
Methods
Ex vivo bovine liver tissues were immersed in degassed water with different DOC of 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L. Ultrasound (US) of 1 MHz and the spatial and temporal average intensity (Isata) of 6500 W/cm2 was used to expose two groups of in vitro bovine livers for two seconds; one group was under atmospheric pressure (Pstat = 1 bar) and the other was under sub-atmospheric pressure (Pstat = 0.1 bar). Acoustic cavitation was detected by a passive cavitation detector (PCD) during the exposure process. Echo signals at the focal zone of HIFU were monitored by B-mode ultrasound imaging before and after exposure.
Results
The results demonstrated a significant difference of broadband acoustic emissions from the cavitation bubbles, echo signals on B mode image, morphology of lesions under various condition of ambient pressure and DOC. The lesion volume in tissue was increased with the increase of ambient pressure and DOC.
Conclusion
Cavitation could be suppressed through sub-atmospheric pressure and low DOC level in liver tissue, which could provide a method of controlling cavitation in HIFU treatment to avoid unpredictable lesions.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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