This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research Article
Pedro Brainer-Lima
Federal University of Pernambuco
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The aim of this study was to define the location of the parietal foramina (PF) with reference to skull landmarks and correlate the PF with cerebral and vascular structures to optimize neurosurgical procedures in the intracranial compartment. Two hundred and thirty-eight parietal bones studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 119 patients were reviewed. The cephalometric points, inion, bregma, sagittal suture and lambda were used as anatomical references to locate the PF and define its anatomical relationships to parenchymal cerebral structures, especially some eloquent areas. The PF was identified in the MRI in 83 of the 119 individuals (69.7%) and was located at an average distance of 9.5 ± 0.8 cm (mean ± SD) posteriorly and 0.9 ± 0.3cm laterally to the Bregma. In over 90% of cases, the PF was located within a 2 cm radius of the bregma-PF distance’s mean value. Surgeons operating in the parietal region should be aware of the frequency of PF (69.7%), its location (superolateral to lambda) and its stable relationship with underlying anatomical structures. 88% of the 62 left PF’s were situated within 1cm, laterally to the left margin of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). 60% of the right PF were situated within 1.3 cm laterally from the right margin of the SSS, while 40% were directly above the SSS. We propose that the PF should be used as the reference for the superior sagittal sinus during its course through the parietal lobe, as its constancy overtakes other commonly used landmarks (sagittal suture and midline). In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the PF to both avoid iatrogenic injury to an emissary vein that courses through it that can lead to air embolism and as a guide to maneuvering through the parietal region.
Keywords
parietal foramina, landmarks, vascular
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 07 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Sep, 2021
Reviews received
Received 05 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 05 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 14 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 09 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Pedro Brainer-Lima
Federal University of Pernambuco
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 07 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Sep, 2021
Reviews received
Received 05 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 05 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 14 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 09 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The aim of this study was to define the location of the parietal foramina (PF) with reference to skull landmarks and correlate the PF with cerebral and vascular structures to optimize neurosurgical procedures in the intracranial compartment. Two hundred and thirty-eight parietal bones studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 119 patients were reviewed. The cephalometric points, inion, bregma, sagittal suture and lambda were used as anatomical references to locate the PF and define its anatomical relationships to parenchymal cerebral structures, especially some eloquent areas. The PF was identified in the MRI in 83 of the 119 individuals (69.7%) and was located at an average distance of 9.5 ± 0.8 cm (mean ± SD) posteriorly and 0.9 ± 0.3cm laterally to the Bregma. In over 90% of cases, the PF was located within a 2 cm radius of the bregma-PF distance’s mean value. Surgeons operating in the parietal region should be aware of the frequency of PF (69.7%), its location (superolateral to lambda) and its stable relationship with underlying anatomical structures. 88% of the 62 left PF’s were situated within 1cm, laterally to the left margin of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). 60% of the right PF were situated within 1.3 cm laterally from the right margin of the SSS, while 40% were directly above the SSS. We propose that the PF should be used as the reference for the superior sagittal sinus during its course through the parietal lobe, as its constancy overtakes other commonly used landmarks (sagittal suture and midline). In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the PF to both avoid iatrogenic injury to an emissary vein that courses through it that can lead to air embolism and as a guide to maneuvering through the parietal region.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Loading...