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Research Article
Upendran Anandhi
University of Missouri
Corresponding Author
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Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products that includes topical wound dressings, coatings for biomedical devices, and food-packaging to extend the shelf-life. Despite their beneficial antimicrobial effects, developmental exposure to such NPs may lead to gut dysbiosis and long-term health consequences in exposed offspring. Silver NPs can cross the placenta and blood-brain-barrier to translocate in the brain of offspring. The underlying hypothesis tested in the current study was that developmental exposure of male and female mice to silver NPs disrupts the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To examine for such effects, C57BL6 female mice were exposed orally to silver NPs at a dose of 3 mg/kg BW or vehicle control two weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Male and female offspring were tested in various mazes that measure different behavioral domains, and the gut microbial profiles were surveyed from 30 through 120 days of age. Our study results suggest that developmental exposure results in increased likelihood of engaging in repetitive behaviors and reductions in resident microglial cells. Echo-MRI results indicate increased body fat in offspring exposed to NP exhibit. Coprobacillus spp., Mucispirillum spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. were reduced, while Prevotella spp., Bacillus spp., Planococcaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Ruminococcus spp. were increased in those developmentally exposed to NPs. These bacterial changes were linked to behavioral and metabolic alterations. In conclusion, developmental exposure of silver NPs results in long term gut dysbiosis, body fat increase and neurobehavioral alterations in offspring.
Keywords
Developmental effects, Microbiome-gut-brain-axis, Microbiota, Neurobehavioral alterations, DOHaD.
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View the published article at Scientific Reports.
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Editorial decision: Major revision
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See the published version of this preprint at Scientific Reports.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Upendran Anandhi
University of Missouri
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Version 1
Posted 04 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Jan, 2021
Reviews received
Received 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 05 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products that includes topical wound dressings, coatings for biomedical devices, and food-packaging to extend the shelf-life. Despite their beneficial antimicrobial effects, developmental exposure to such NPs may lead to gut dysbiosis and long-term health consequences in exposed offspring. Silver NPs can cross the placenta and blood-brain-barrier to translocate in the brain of offspring. The underlying hypothesis tested in the current study was that developmental exposure of male and female mice to silver NPs disrupts the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To examine for such effects, C57BL6 female mice were exposed orally to silver NPs at a dose of 3 mg/kg BW or vehicle control two weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Male and female offspring were tested in various mazes that measure different behavioral domains, and the gut microbial profiles were surveyed from 30 through 120 days of age. Our study results suggest that developmental exposure results in increased likelihood of engaging in repetitive behaviors and reductions in resident microglial cells. Echo-MRI results indicate increased body fat in offspring exposed to NP exhibit. Coprobacillus spp., Mucispirillum spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. were reduced, while Prevotella spp., Bacillus spp., Planococcaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Ruminococcus spp. were increased in those developmentally exposed to NPs. These bacterial changes were linked to behavioral and metabolic alterations. In conclusion, developmental exposure of silver NPs results in long term gut dysbiosis, body fat increase and neurobehavioral alterations in offspring.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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