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Research article
Mitra Darbandi
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-8814
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: smoking is a strong confounder associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and many of the associated risk factors. This study aims to investigate the association between the risk factors of CVD across different level of smoking including former smoker, current smoker and never smokers.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the first phase data from the Prospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases in Ravansar (RaNCD), on 10063 adults aged 35 to 65. The smoking status was divided into three groups of current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers, and the smoking intensity was categorized into light, moderate, and heavy. Individuals with a history of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and coronary artery diseases, or those who took CVD medications were considered as a cardiovascular patient. Covariates were identifies via Logistic regression.
Findings: CVD odds in 50-65 age group in current smokers 2.75 times (1.62-4.67:95%CI) the 35-49 age group, in former smokers 1.74(1.04-2.90:95%CI) and in never smokers 2.16(1.83-2.56:95%CI). In women, CVD odds was greater compared to men in current smokers and never smokers. In current smokers, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, increased the odds of CVD by OR=7.87 – P<0.0001, OR=1.47 – P=0.23, and OR=1.81 – P<0.0001, respectively. In former smokers, hypertension (OR=14.15, P<0.0001) and diabetes (OR=2.74, P=0.0001) significantly increased the odds of CVD. On the other hand, vigorous physical activity in former smokers was a protective factor against CVD (OR=0.53, P<0.0001). In heavy smokers, odds of CVD was higher by OR=1.97 – P<0.0001 for those with overweight or obesity.
Conclusion: Smoking was significantly association with the risk factors of CVD and the association between smoking and the risk factors of CVD was significantly differ across different levels of smoking.
Keywords
cardiovascular diseases, smoking, diabetes, hypertension
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research article
Mitra Darbandi
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-8814
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 16 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Health Policy
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: smoking is a strong confounder associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and many of the associated risk factors. This study aims to investigate the association between the risk factors of CVD across different level of smoking including former smoker, current smoker and never smokers.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the first phase data from the Prospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases in Ravansar (RaNCD), on 10063 adults aged 35 to 65. The smoking status was divided into three groups of current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers, and the smoking intensity was categorized into light, moderate, and heavy. Individuals with a history of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and coronary artery diseases, or those who took CVD medications were considered as a cardiovascular patient. Covariates were identifies via Logistic regression.
Findings: CVD odds in 50-65 age group in current smokers 2.75 times (1.62-4.67:95%CI) the 35-49 age group, in former smokers 1.74(1.04-2.90:95%CI) and in never smokers 2.16(1.83-2.56:95%CI). In women, CVD odds was greater compared to men in current smokers and never smokers. In current smokers, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, increased the odds of CVD by OR=7.87 – P<0.0001, OR=1.47 – P=0.23, and OR=1.81 – P<0.0001, respectively. In former smokers, hypertension (OR=14.15, P<0.0001) and diabetes (OR=2.74, P=0.0001) significantly increased the odds of CVD. On the other hand, vigorous physical activity in former smokers was a protective factor against CVD (OR=0.53, P<0.0001). In heavy smokers, odds of CVD was higher by OR=1.97 – P<0.0001 for those with overweight or obesity.
Conclusion: Smoking was significantly association with the risk factors of CVD and the association between smoking and the risk factors of CVD was significantly differ across different levels of smoking.
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