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Research
Werner Brack
Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Umweltforschung UFZ
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-6524
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Background: A large number of chemicals are constantly introduced to surface water from anthropogenic and natural sources. So far, unlike anthropogenic pollutants, naturally occurring compounds are not included in environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge on their occurrence and effects in the environment. Since first studies suggest that natural compounds might contribute to mixture risks in aquatic ecosystems and for drinking water production, there is a need to increase empirical evidence on the occurrence of these compounds in aquatic systems. To this end, we performed target screening on 160 toxic secondary plant metabolites (PSMs), prioritized in silico for their likelihood of occurrence, persistence, toxicity and mobility in river waters, using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The samples were collected during rain events from three Danish rivers from an area covered by grassland, forest and agricultural crops.
Results: In total, 27 targets belonging to different compound classes such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids were detected, among them 12 compounds, which have not been reported in surface waters before. The most prominent compound class was the group of alkaloids with 41 % of the detected targets, many of them detected in more than 80 % of the samples. Individual compound concentrations were up to several hundred ng/L with the neurotoxic alkaloid coniine from poison hemlock and the flavonoid daidzein reaching highest maximum concentrations.
Conclusions: The measured natural toxin concentrations are well within the range of those of synthetic environmental contaminants and need to be considered for the assessment of potential risks on aquatic organisms and drinking water production.
Keywords
Phytotoxins, plant metabolites, surface water, ecotoxicity, natural toxins, emerging contaminants
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Version 1
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 02 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 27 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 08 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 08 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Nov, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Environmental Sciences Europe.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Werner Brack
Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Umweltforschung UFZ
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-6524
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Version 1
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 02 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 27 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 08 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 08 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Environmental Policy
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Background: A large number of chemicals are constantly introduced to surface water from anthropogenic and natural sources. So far, unlike anthropogenic pollutants, naturally occurring compounds are not included in environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge on their occurrence and effects in the environment. Since first studies suggest that natural compounds might contribute to mixture risks in aquatic ecosystems and for drinking water production, there is a need to increase empirical evidence on the occurrence of these compounds in aquatic systems. To this end, we performed target screening on 160 toxic secondary plant metabolites (PSMs), prioritized in silico for their likelihood of occurrence, persistence, toxicity and mobility in river waters, using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The samples were collected during rain events from three Danish rivers from an area covered by grassland, forest and agricultural crops.
Results: In total, 27 targets belonging to different compound classes such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids were detected, among them 12 compounds, which have not been reported in surface waters before. The most prominent compound class was the group of alkaloids with 41 % of the detected targets, many of them detected in more than 80 % of the samples. Individual compound concentrations were up to several hundred ng/L with the neurotoxic alkaloid coniine from poison hemlock and the flavonoid daidzein reaching highest maximum concentrations.
Conclusions: The measured natural toxin concentrations are well within the range of those of synthetic environmental contaminants and need to be considered for the assessment of potential risks on aquatic organisms and drinking water production.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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