Chemical Pond Water Contamination–icpms Investigations in the Various Areas of Eluru City, Andhra Pradesh, India-a Case Study.

The several stagnant water resources contamination in urban areas mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and as well as pathogenic organisms. The objective of the present study is to determine the chemical contamination in pond water regardingsudden appearance of health problems among the people of certain areas in Eluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results of ICP-MS investigations showed elemental impurities in water samples and physio-chemical parameters of pond water such as pH, TDS, EC, CC , Total Hardness etc., are studied in detailed.


Introduction
The pond water is natural resource which is rigid by limited area [1].The volume of ground water in storage exceeds then they deposited rest volume of fresh surface water in the form of ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers etc., [2] [4]. This water which occurs in fully saturated soils and geological formations [4] [5].Many animals that live in surrounding area, migrating birds spent their incubation period nearby plants depend on these ponds for a rich source of nutrients and water [3].
Pond water contamination mainly caused by two ways one is anthropogenic activities such as waste disposal including manufacturing and service industries, agriculture activities like pesticides and fertilizers utility, irrigation, domestic waste production by bathing, drinking and washing for humans and other animals etc.,[ 6] Second one is Pathogenic organisms such as facial coliforms, streptococci, Salmonella, algae and fungi etc., occurrence in water may increase the risks of water related diseases and health problems in local residents [6][7] [9]. Remedial actions to clean up aquifers are di cult, expensive, and sometimes it's not possible. Many laws and regulations are controlling the water contamination. According to WHO (World Health Organization) [10] [11] water quality will be recommended that the acceptable limits of contaminants in water. Plenty of nations implemented contaminants acceptable levels in water based on the availability of resources in their geographical circumference as follows

Sample Collection
The Eluru is well connected by road and rail with rest of the country. The city is having only few industries and small-scale industries such as the Incense sticks industry, small-scale chemical industries, hair processing industries, automobile workshops, aquaculture-related labs, water plants etc. The people are mostly in-service sector. The sudden appearance of some health problems among people of certain areas in Eluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh in December 2020, was taken up by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from Adikavi Nannaya University.
The expert team from the University has visited the affected areas on 11th and 12 December 2020 to conduct survey and to collect water samples in Eluru City. The information was collected from the sufferers through questionnaire with the help of teachers and student volunteers of National Service Scheme wings of Adikavi Nannaya University a liated colleges. The survey data related to symptoms, food and water intake, life style, medical history etc. was analysed. The su cient quantity of water samples was collected from various sources in the city which are listed and labelled as follows Waste disposal in water resources by anthropogenic activities solid content dissolved in water due to this the aquatic nature of water resources has been changed [12].The contaminated water samples may exhibit inorganic ions, such as chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals and complex synthetic organic chemicals etc., [13] [16]. TDS method is useful to measure the dissolved combined contents of all inorganic and organic substances present in water. Typically, TDS concentrations are reported in parts per million (ppm) [14]. This test does not provide the speci c water quality that is Elevated Hardness such as mineral content in water, Salty /Taste or Corrosiveness called as aggressive water which is how water dissolves with other materials. Therefore, the TDS test is used as an indicator test to determine the general quality of the water only. The water with high TDS value indicates that water is highly mineralized. Desirable limit for TDS is 500 mg/L and maximum limit is 1000 mg/L which is prescribed for drinking purposes [31]. By examination of the above said water samples Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are listed below (Figure2) as follows Based on the above said data the concentration of Total Dissolved Solids in various water samples at Eluru city are found to be within the limit of WHO standards except bore well water at Hanuman peta. It seems to be minor concentration of solids in bore well water at Hanuman peta exceeds the desired limits of WHO.
Due to the occurrence of solids in water samples may analyse for metals. In case of heavy metals in the water samples it may cause toxic nature in human health. Because metals are more soluble in water [15].
Heavy metal toxicity can result in damaged or reduced mental and central nervous function, lower energy levels, and damage to blood composition, lungs, kidneys, liver, and other vital organs [17].By examination of the above said water samples for availability of metals listed below (Figure3) as follows  Not of health concern at levels found in drinking-water The contamination of water by these foreign materials decreases the quality of the water. To identify the quality of the water sample pH indicator is more useful method to determine the water sample is either acidic or basic in nature. pH is denoting as potential of hydrogen or powder of hydrogen [18]. The pH of water is a very important measurement concerning water quality. The range is going from 0 to 14. pH 7 is indicated as neutral. pH of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base [19]. A changing of pH in a Pond/ stream/ lake or a river can be an indicator of increasing pollution or some other environmental factor. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic [21]. H can be affected by chemicals in the water, due to this pH is an important indicator of water. WHO has recommended maximum permissible limit of pH for drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5 [31]. By examination of the above said water samples for pH is listed below (Figure4) as follows Based on the above said data the Hydrogen potential (pH) in various water samples at Eluru city are found to be within the limit of WHO standards. Out of which Godavari water at Denduluru summer storage tank and Krishna canal water at Padamatilakulu before joining Tammileru are seems to be slightly basic in nature.
Hardness of water is caused by compounds of calcium, magnesium and by a variety of other metals [22] [23]. Water systems using groundwater as a source are concerned with water hardness, since as water moves through soil and rock it dissolves small amounts of naturally-occurring minerals and polyvalent metallic ions [26]. General guidelines for classi cation of waters are: 0 to 60 mg/L (milligrams per litter) as calcium carbonate is classi ed as soft; 61 to 120 mg/L as moderately hard; 121 to 180 mg/L as hard; and more than 180 mg/L as very hard [24]. Hard water has some bene ts to humans, animals and other living organisms. Humans need minerals to stay healthy, and the World Health Organization (WHO) states that drinking-water may be a contributor of calcium and magnesium in the diet and could be important for those who are marginal for calcium and magnesium intake [25]. Hence, the water exceeds the limits of hardness it may spoils the functioning of human organs and it leads to die. According to WHO standards, the permissible range of Calcium should be 100-300 mg/L whereas magnesium is50 mg/L probably lower than calcium. In some cases, consumers tolerate water hardness more than 500mg/L also [31]. By examination of the above said water samples from various areas the Total Hardness is listed below (Figure5) as follows Based on the above said data the concentration of Total Hardness (TH) in various water samples at Eluru city are exhibits within the limit of WHO standards only.
Typically, the quantity of dissolved solids in water determines the electrical conductivity. Electrical Conductivity (EC) could measures the ionic process of a solution and it allows to transmit current. Pure water is not a good conductor of electric current. It's a good insulator. I onic contraction will be increased it will enhance the electrical conductivity of water. According to WHO standards, EC value should not exceeded 400 µS/cm. Electrical conductivity (EC)