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Background: Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects.
Results: Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa=4.75) at 170℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor.
Conclusion: The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.
Keywords
xylo-oligosaccharide, acid hydrolysis, combined severity, technoeconomic analysis, pKa
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts.
Version 2
Posted 11 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 28 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Feb, 2021
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 22 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Nov, 2020
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Subject Areas
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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See the published version of this preprint at Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
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Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts.
Version 2
Posted 11 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 28 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Feb, 2021
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 22 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts.
Background: Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects.
Results: Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa=4.75) at 170℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor.
Conclusion: The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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