Design and Fabrication of Elevators Using AVR Microcontroller

Men, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction. Is. Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past. Initially, this was done by levers and animals. An elevator is a permanent public vehicle that moves between prede�ned levels. The elevator is the only means of transportation used by all age groups and is the most common means of vertical movement in the world. The elevator is installed inside an environment that consists of three parts: 1. Engine room 2. Elevator well 3. Well. The gearbox motor acts as the heart of the elevator and the control panel acts as the core of the elevator. The aim of this research is to simulate and build the circuit and the building of the elevator so that it can be equipped with new facilities and sensors by using reprogramming if necessary to make its operation safer and provide more comfort for the passengers. Here we have programmed the AVR microcontroller using codevisionAVR software and performed the simulation using Proteus software.


I. Introduction
Man, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction.Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past.Initially, this was done by levers and animals.Humans have long used wheels and pulleys.These tools are the beginning of ideas that end up in the elevator.The rst elevator, which is considered a means of transporting people, was built in 1745 by order of Louis XVI [1], which was called a ight chair.Elevators were developed because of the need to move raw materials such as wood and coal from the mountains, resulting in cable elevators in the modern way.These elevators are based on the Atwood car.In the mid-19th century, elevators operated on steam power and were commonly used in factories and mines to carry loads [2].In 1823, two architects, Burton and Hammer, built a tourist attraction in London called the Climb Room.This attraction was in the center of the city, which was moved by steam power and raised people to a considerable height above the city level, allowing them to see a unique view of the city [3].But boiler elevators were not safe and the chances of the elevator falling were very high and therefore they were not used to move people.One of the concerns that made all people not want to use the elevator was the fear of the elevator falling.In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced a safety elevator that would prevent the elevator from falling if the cable was cut [4].He demonstrated his immune system at the New York Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in a deadly show in 1854.He himself boarded an elevator for which he had invented and installed a safety system and ordered that the rope with which the elevator went up and down be cut suddenly.His elevator started to fall quickly but stopped immediately.Otis' invention led to the safety of cable elevators, and this security led to the installation of the rst passenger elevator on March 23, 1857 in New York.The rst electric elevator was later built in Germany by Werner von Siemens in 1880 [5].
Electric elevators were also much faster than hydraulic and boiler elevators and could handle much heavier loads.In this way, this industry has continuously developed and nally we have access to today's elevators.In the present study, an elevator has been designed and programmed.The purpose of this study is to design and evaluate the performance of the elevator system so that we can make bene cial changes in the performance of the system.

A. Theoritical overview
The elevator designed in this research is designed for a three oured apartment with parking.This system includes a microcontroller and several seven segments along with several DC motors.To open and close the cabin door and also to move up and down the cabin, two motors used in the opposite direction have been used to perform the desired operation in two different directions.The elevator car is made of a 16character LCD to display the condition of the doors and the cabin oor and a series of switches for the desired commands.Figure 1 shows a block diagram of elevator performance.

A. Hardware design
The hardware designed in this project includes an AVR microcontroller (Atmega16) and 8 switches (4 in the elevator cabin and 4 at the entrance of each oor).The LCD used in the cabin displays whether the door is open or closed, as well as the oor in which the cabin moves at any time.7-segments are placed at the entrance of each oor to indicate the oor on which the cabin is located.Because in this smallscale elevator project, we have used armature as a motor.Figure 2 shows a simulation of elevator operation by the Proteus program.The Practical elevator on the with its parts is shown in Figure 3.

B. Working software
CodevisionAVR software is a very powerful software for microcontroller programming that has been used in this project.A view of the programming lines of this project is shown in Figure 4.

Iv. Result
A practical elevator designed in this article was shown in Figure 3. Now we want to discuss its performance.First we assume the cabin is on the third oor and the user is on the second oor.The user then calls the cabin by pressing the switch installed on the second oor.(We consider the delay time used to close or open the doors to be 5 seconds and the time it takes for the cabin to move between each oor to 10 seconds).After reaching the desired oor and boarding the user by pressing the key on the ground oor of the cabin, rst the doors are closed and then the engine that drives the cabin down is activated.The performance details described in Figures 5 and 6 can be seen.

V. Conclusion & Future Work
Many new ideas start with a simple design.In this project, we showed that an elevator can be easily implemented and operated on a small scale using a microcontroller IC and a few simple components.As mentioned earlier in the text, one of the advantages of using elevators in multi-storey buildings is the ease of moving people.Stop times and speed between classes can also be changed.Of course, by using new technologies, a much more accurate system can be built, equipped with more advanced comfort and security facilities.The person should be warned, or by using voice recognition operators, new elevators can be built so that the system can be controlled only by the presence of a person in the cabin and without the use of hands or even using wireless technologies.

Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate Not Applicable.

Consent for publication
I express my satisfaction with the accuracy of the text and the published photos, so anyone can read the articles published in the magazine.The presence of the cabin on the third oor is ready to receive orders from the operator.

Figures
Figures

Figure 1 Block
Figure 1

Figure 3 Practical
Figure 3

Figure 4 View
Figure 4

Figure 5
Figure 5 a) practical example of an elevator with a cabin and a control circuit.b) Simulated model of elevator control circuit.

Figure 6 running
Figure 6