Phonetic Laws Related to Vowels in Dialects

---Today, in carrying out the reforms for the development of our society, there are created full opportunities and conditions for the fulfillment of the tasks set before the Uzbek linguistics, purposeful research work is carried out on the issue of comprehensive study of our language. At the same time, the study of the features of Uzbek dialects, relying on the theoretical bases of areal linguistic research, is defined as one of the priority directions in the historical-comparative and ethnolinguistic aspects.This sphere consists of imperfect, simple descriptive and illustrative aspects, indefinite places need to learn and fill on the basis of new views, from a mental point of view. The study through areal-typological and areal-linguistic methods, which gave Mahmud Kashgariy in Turkic languages, the initial point of any linguistic theory and conceptions, the study of dialects, their specific features, is still one of the important issues today. The emergence of areal linguistics has opened up a wide way to evaluate new issues and concepts in the field of dialectology, to solve them in new ways. Relying on the theoretical basis of dialect and slang areas in the holistic study of the language system, the fact that historical-comparative and ethnologic research is defined as one of the priority areas imposes new responsibilities on Uzbek linguistics and Uzbek linguists.


I. Introduction
In the dialects, many characters that do not meet in the current literary language have been preserved, which, based on their scientific study, make it possible to draw very important historical-linguistic conclusions. Such phonetic, lexical-grammatical facts and bases in folk dialects, P.M. Melioranskiy notes that: "...it serves as a unique guide in understanding ancient monuments and performing linguistic analysis" [Melioransky,3].
In our opinion, both singormanism and umlaut are in practice in the area of dialects, have their individual linguistic peculiarities, and own laws in Namangan areal.

II. Literary Review
Synharmonism is a kind of declension of vowels in the word from a certain point of view, about which N.K. Dmitriev quotes, "one of the manifestations of the assimilation of sounds" [Dmitriev,[38][39][40]. It is noted that the Uzbek language, which is considered one of the specific laws of turkic languages and is reflected in all turkic languages, and even the literary language is non-singarmonistic, except for some urban dialects are singarmonistic [Sherbak,[50][51][52][53][54][55].
Professor A.Nurmonov says that, Fitrat stated that in the Uzbek literary language there are 23 consonant phonemes, that phonemes kh (x), h (ҳ), f (ф) are not original turkish, that all turkic languages reflect the law of synharmonism, which exists at specific level, that it was changed under the influence of the Persian-Tajik languages in urban dialects, so it is very correct to rely on rural dialects, which saved general Turkic phonetic features, and on this basis, the Uzbek language states that the vowels perform the function of a distinctive sign "rough" and "thin", and according to this sign they are divided into two lines [Nurmonov,272].
V.V. Reshetov notes that the vowels i (и), u (у), o' (ў), a (а) transitional vowels in the Uzbek language are based on the pronunciation of Tashkent dialect, this phonetic classification of vowels is given by comparing them with Russian vowels [Nurmonov,273].
In our opinion, V.V. Reshetov when thinking about the transitional (indifferent) vowels, he approached the phonetic-phonological system of the Uzbek language from a diachronistic point of view. He argued about the fact that in the current Tashkent dialect of the Uzbek language there were no signs of contradictions between the vowels of the ancient rows and the formation of transitional vowels. Therefore, it was combined under the name of the convergents with the idea that these vowels are formed from the conjugation of the vowels in two rows. The same opinion is given by the professor F. In Abdullaev [Abdullaev,41].
N.S. Trubetskoy explains by example that in world linguistics in most of the languages of the world, such a state of vowels, even in the Eastern and Western Belarusian languages, has lost its historical phonological significance, but in some cases it is preserved on the scale of dialects [Trubeskoy, (23) 31-36]. Apparently, in all researches devoted to the vocalism of Turkic languages, the sign of the presence of a number and labrum is considered as a distinguishing sign for the classification of vowels.
Linguistic scientist E. Umarov recalls that on the basis of such a classification in the Uzbek literary language, it is necessary to answer the question that whether Uzbeks speak "no (yo'q)" with the front or back of tongue, expresses opinions that it is appropriate to classify vowels according to the degree of their opening and the participation of the labrum [Umarov,[15][16][17][18].

III. Analysis and Results
In fact, Turkic languages, the originality of palatal and labial synharmonism for some of their dialects, the melodic arrangement of vowels in palatal harmony is not objected by anyone. For the present period of the Uzbek literary language, although synharmonism does not apply, but the fact that it is preserved in Uzbek dialects is recognized by almost all dialectologist scientists. At the same time, the presence of a number of correlators in one place in the Uzbek dialects, which maintain the conflict according to the line, by mutual differentiation of meaning [Trubeskoy, (23) For the phonemes of the present Uzbek literary language, there is a fundamental opinion that the number of signs loses its phonological value, so therefore the present Uzbek literary language cannot be the basis of the classification of these signs for the phonemes of the vowels [Nabieva,3].
In some dialects of the Uzbek language, in particular in Namangan dialect, there is another appearance of synharmonismnot adaptation to the phonetic features of roots, but adaptation of the roots of vowels to the character of affix vowels. Such compatibility is considered to be umlaut.
The Umlaut is characterized for Uighur language and the present Uzbek language of some rural dialects of Namangan city, Uychi, Chartak districts, Yangikurgan and Uchkurgan districts [Aliev,14]. Although Yangikurgan and Uchkurgan districts are close to the borders of the Kyrgyz Republic, the influence of synharmonism is not observed. We explain this by the fact that the center of Yangikurgan district, its surroundings and the population of the village of Kayki are located close to the city of Namangan, where representatives of umlaut dialect transit to those lands.
In linguistic literature, it is noted that there are three types of umlaut: palatal, labial and lingual appearance.
In the first type, the back row wide vowel of the first syllable is given to the influence of the next syllable by a narrow unstressed vowel, which turns into the front row vowel. For example, in the dialects of Uychi, Chartak towns, Kayki village of Uchkurgan district in Namangan region: [ rice (sow) on the precipice (around) are going to plough the land, no success, the stone (of the soil) are so many. The rice won't be good in stony place, however there will be good harvest if the rice is given pure water. If we finish works (soil processing), we would sow rice as soon as possible).
In the third type, the opening level of the mouth changes. Under the influence of the next syllable narrow и (i) vowel, the front row wide vowel of the first syllable becomes a medium-wide vowel. For example, in the Uighur language: [касиш] кесиш (cutting), [катти]кетди (left). However, the appearance of the third type in the umlautized dialects of Namangan region is almost not observed [Atamirzaeva,26].
Umlaut is present to some extent in the dialects of some Turkic languages, and even in the dialects belonging to the Kipchak group. It is the opposite of synharmonism and is the next phenomenon in relation to Turkic languages. According to some linguists [Polivanov,(17) 35; (18) 33; Borovkov,63;Reshetov,(20) 60; Reshetov, (21) 122] umlaut came into being on the ground of extensive development and specific emphasis on assimilation. According to a group of linguists, umlaut is associated with the weakening of synharmonism.
Both palate and lab harmonies of Namangan Kipchak dialects are stronger than other dialects in the region. But the Altai, Khakass, Bashkir and Kyrgyz languages are relatively weak. Here it is desirable to rely on the thoughts of N.S. Trubeskoy [Trubeskoy, (23)

352, (24) 31-36].
In the syllables of the south-west Namangan dialects palate harmony has the following appearance: A) if the tongue in the first syllable of the root is one of the vowels of the back, then even in the last syllables of the word the vowels of the back (or rigid) are used; B) if the first syllable of the root begins with one of the front tongue (soft) vowels, then in the next roots of the word also front tongue vowels are used.
Pay attention: [зəкəндъ, дəйрəнъ бɔлиғы кўлдə бɔқылғɔн бɔлыҳтɔн шърън бўлɔди. Бɔлыҳлɔр ўтынды чўқидɔ пъшърълсə, я пɔҳтɔ йɔғыдɔ қɔвырылсɔ, зўрўлɔди, мəззə қыбыйсъз. Бɔлихти қɔтиққɔ қўшып йэвўмыйды, ўшɔнғɔ қɔтыҳты мɔнтиғɔ қўшъп йийиш кэрəк, йўмɔсɔм ɔдɔм ɔқɔрып кэтəдъ] (zakan (drainage in the dialect), the river's fish is much more tastier than the fish fed in (artificial) a lake. If the fish is fried in embers of firewood or fried in cottonseed oil, it will be tasty (fine), you can tastefully eat it. Fish cannot be eaten with yogurt, so it is necessary to eat yogurt with manti, if not, the person will turn pale (the appearance of white spots on the skin).
The above dialectological text is a representative of Namangan "y" Kipchak dialects (Juravoy Nizomov, born in Mingbulak district in 1932) written from his speech. The text is a sample of palatal harmony.
The law of the palate harmony in the dialect of Namangan Kipchak has the following appearance: 1. The root part of the wordin the basic lexical forms. In multi-syllable words, the vowels of the first syllable in the composition adapt to the vowels of the remaining syllable.
Such palatal harmony can be seen in the dialectal area of Namangan, Turakurgan, Mingbulak Pop districts owned to many villages' population of speaking Kipchak dialect by pronouncing "j" and "y".  [Mirtojiev,306] is observed when the addition of the dative case suffix to the words in which there is a nasal sounds in the composition of the basis of Namangan dialects.
Nasalization is the addition of a resonator tone formed in the nose in the articulation of vowels. It is observed mainly in vowels that come into contact with the sonant pronunciation formed through the nose: such as [нумоңо, нумовғо, нумонга]. Because the previous sound articulation recursion is equal to the next sound articulation excursion. Therefore, the continuation of the sound from the previous vowel on the back is attached to the next vowel, and the resonator tone of the nose is also added to the next vowel resonator tone. As a result, even in the articulation of the vowel, the resonator tone of the nose is noted. This is considered to be nasalization. Although it is considered normal in the dialect of Namangan, it is not right to say that it is characteristic of Tashkent, Fergana or other dialects. In other dialects of the Uzbek language, the occurrence of vowel nasalization under the influence of sonant is rather weak. S. Otamirzaeva recorded in her studies that it was usual in Namangan and its surroundings dialects [Atamirzaeva, 108-111].  чиққан (went out), [бɔрғɔн] борган (went). Well, even in Namangan Kipchak and Karluk dialects, many word-forming, word-changing consonants have their own pairs of contrasts. If the language in the composition of the predicate has a back vowel, then the vowel in the suffix component will also have a soft pronunciation, if there is a hard, tongue-picked vowel. The harmony of the labialization. It is known that according to the law of harmony of the labialization, if the first syllable of the root is one of the labialized vowels, then the vowels in the last syllable are also labialized.
There is little, though, the law of harmony of the labialization in Kipchak dialects of Namangan. The phenomenon of labialization is noticeable in the first, second syllables, and the transition to the third and last syllables is sporadic. But the harmony of the labialization is sharply different from the perfectly preserved Altai and Kyrgyz languages. These languages are distinguished not only by their hard softness, but also by the fact that they are labialized and un-labialized features [Iskhakov,42]. There

IV. Conclusion
To sum up, we would like to highlight that the law of sinhormonism is valid on the basis of its peculiarities in the phonetic-phonological structure in the area of Kipchak dialects of Namangan. Differences in the quality and quantity of vowels in the dialectal group and branches of the dialectal area, the anatomic-physiological aspects of the vowel and the dialectic ethnogenesis caused the occurrence of the umlaut phenomenon.
A completely different phenomenon, which is not phonetic, is evident in the urban dialect of umlaut for its possession of an empathic length.
Synharmonism makes special differences in the amount of vowel sounds, the role and pronunciation of articulations in the unstressed vowel accent. The strength of nasalization in the dialects is more pronounced sinharmonism, in the narrative the quality of vowels is determined by the syntagmatic relationship of vowels, in turn, the quality of vowels is determined by vowels.