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Research article
Mutsuya Shimizu
Asahikawa Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-7887
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Background Age-related height loss is a normal physical change that occurs in all individuals over 50 years of age. Many epidemiological studies were conducted on height loss worldwide, however, over the 30 years longitudinal epidemiological studies have not been conducted. This study was designed to investigate changes in adult spinal deformity and examine the relationship between adult spinal deformity and height loss. Methods Fifty-three local healthy subjects (32 men, 21 women) from Furano, Hokkaido, Japan, volunteered for this longitudinal cohort study. Their heights were measured in 1983 and again in 2017. Spino-pelvic parameters were compared between 1983 and 2017. Individuals with height loss were then divided into two groups, those with degenerative spondylosis and those with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, and different characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age of the subjects was 44.4 (31-55) years at baseline and 78.6 (65-89) years at the final follow-up. The mean height was 157.4 cm at baseline and 153.6 cm at the final follow-up, with a mean height loss of 3.8 cm over 34.2 years. All parameters except for thoracic kyphosis were significantly different between 1983 and 2017 (p<0.05). Height loss was related to changes in pelvic parameters including pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (R=0.553 p<0.0001), pelvic tilt (R=0.462 p<0.0001), and sagittal vertical axis (R=0.514 p<0.0001). Greater height loss was more commonly seen in women (p=0.001) and in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (p=0.02). Conclusions This longitudinal study revealed that height loss is more commonly observed in women and is associated with adult spinal deformity and degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Height loss is a normal physical change with aging, but excessive height loss is due to spinal kyphosis and scoliosis leading to spinal malalignment. Our findings suggest that height loss might be an early physical symptom for spinal malalignment.
Keywords
adult spinal deformity, height loss, lumbar lordosis, spondylosis, lumbar scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, pelvic tilt, sagittal vertical axis
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 24 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 23 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 16 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Orthopedics
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Mutsuya Shimizu
Asahikawa Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-7887
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 24 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 23 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 16 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Orthopedics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Background Age-related height loss is a normal physical change that occurs in all individuals over 50 years of age. Many epidemiological studies were conducted on height loss worldwide, however, over the 30 years longitudinal epidemiological studies have not been conducted. This study was designed to investigate changes in adult spinal deformity and examine the relationship between adult spinal deformity and height loss. Methods Fifty-three local healthy subjects (32 men, 21 women) from Furano, Hokkaido, Japan, volunteered for this longitudinal cohort study. Their heights were measured in 1983 and again in 2017. Spino-pelvic parameters were compared between 1983 and 2017. Individuals with height loss were then divided into two groups, those with degenerative spondylosis and those with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, and different characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age of the subjects was 44.4 (31-55) years at baseline and 78.6 (65-89) years at the final follow-up. The mean height was 157.4 cm at baseline and 153.6 cm at the final follow-up, with a mean height loss of 3.8 cm over 34.2 years. All parameters except for thoracic kyphosis were significantly different between 1983 and 2017 (p<0.05). Height loss was related to changes in pelvic parameters including pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (R=0.553 p<0.0001), pelvic tilt (R=0.462 p<0.0001), and sagittal vertical axis (R=0.514 p<0.0001). Greater height loss was more commonly seen in women (p=0.001) and in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (p=0.02). Conclusions This longitudinal study revealed that height loss is more commonly observed in women and is associated with adult spinal deformity and degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Height loss is a normal physical change with aging, but excessive height loss is due to spinal kyphosis and scoliosis leading to spinal malalignment. Our findings suggest that height loss might be an early physical symptom for spinal malalignment.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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