Nanotechnology is a completely unique branch of technology that offers with substances in a very small size between (1-100 nm) with various crystal shapes which include spherical nanoparticles, flower shaped, Nano rods, Nano ribbons, Nano platelets. The matchless physical and chemical attributes are end result from its excessive surface-to-volume ratio comparing with micro or nano-sized [1]. The uniqueness of nanoparticles in their physical properties and chemical properties make them subject of great attention. The properties of higher damping in nano particles, their mechanical stability, better thermal conductivity and higher strength are special characters [2]. Metal oxide nanomaterials having excessive surface area have attracted substantial interest for scientific studies because of their applications in the field of optical electronics, sensing devices and nano electronics [3]
There are several methods that have been put forward for synthesis of these materials, namely chemical vapor condensation, arc discharge, hydrogen plasma-metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis with in the vapor phase, The other methods include Sol-gel synthesis, micro-emulsion, microbial processes which occur in liquid state, ball milling which is conducted in solid state[4–5]. The synthesis process of nanoparticles defines largely their properties. The range of metal oxide is great and their range of properties and possible applications appear to be enormous.[6]
Sol-gel process has several advantages. Solitary sol gel installation can yield materials at ultra-temperatures, synthesize nearly any substance, co-synthesize two or more substances with one other, exactly observance the microstructure of the top outputs, and punctually dominance the physical ،mechanical, and chemical characterizes of the ultimate outputs. [7]
In many literatures, it’s far determined that Nano particles of ZnO and CuO gives higher overall performance as compared to that of bulk size [8]. Zinc is a necessary element to our health and ZnO nano particles additionally have right biocompatibility with human cells [9]. Recently ZnO and CuO is listed as safe material by FDA (food and drug administration, (US A) [10,11].
Both copper oxide and zinc oxide have shown varying antibacterial activity in opposition to micro-organism species .They have been utilized in food packaging, wound healing and surface coatings because of their antimicrobial activities. However the anti-microorganism activities of these nano-substances are but to be in comparison against gram positive and gram negative bacteria species [12].
There are several nanomaterials that are applied for numerous food packages on commercial level. Titanium dioxide having a particle size of much less than a hundred nm is widely applied as food added substance and antimicrobial agent for food packaging and potential holders. Silver nanoparticles are applied as antimicrobial agent in food packaging, storage utensils, slicing board and refrigerator and moreover as food supplement. Zinc and Copper oxide are applied as nutritive added materials and moreover as antimicrobial operators in food packaging. [13]
Zinc oxide nanoparticles, which emerge as greater antibacterial as their particle size receives smaller, and chitin, that's a natural substance located with inside the shells of crustaceans like crabs and shrimps. [14]
The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc oxide and copper (II) Oxide of low dimension and analysed the size of particles by using XRD analysis at highest peak and study of various functional group present in synthesized nanoparticles at different peak by using FTIR. After reviewing various protocols [1,3,6-9] for synthesis of nanoparticles This method has novel features, which are of great interest due to its low cost, easy preparation and feasibility. Synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by improve sol gel technique is reported by Zinc nitrate as precursor, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and calcified at 5000C for 1 hours & Copper (II) Nitrate as precursor, sodium hydroxide and calcified at 4000 c for 2 hours. Further details are discussed in methodology.
1.1 PROCESSING METHODS:
There are two approaches through which we are able to obtain the synthesis of nano materials. Bottom Up method produces small building blocks which one assembled into large structures. The foremost controlling parameters right here are the crystallinity, morphology, particle size, and chemical composition. Examples: chemical synthesis, laser trapping, self-assembly, colloidal aggregation, etc. The second method is, by “Top Down” method where the large physical compound is transformed into smaller nanostructures. Deposition of film and growth, nano imprint /lithography, etching technology, mechanical polishing etc. are number of the examples. Increase in surface-volume ration causes alternation invarious thermal, mechanical and other properties.[15]