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Research Article
Lin Zheng
Guangxi University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Gall-inducing insects live within plant tissues and induce tumor-like growth that provides insects with food, shelter, and protection from natural enemies. Interestingly, these insects can be precisely targeted by parasitoids. However, the chemical mechanism of the host location by parasitoids of gall-inducing insects has not been elucidated. Empirical evidence has shown that sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. To date, the sensory genes that regulate parasitoids to locate gall-inducing insects have not been uncovered. An obligate ectoparasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa, which is a global gall-making pest in eucalyptus plantations. Therefore, Q. mendeli - L. invasa provides an ideal system to study the way that parasitoids use sensory genes in gall-making pests. In this study, we present the transcriptome of Q. mendeli using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 31820 transcripts were obtained and assembled into 26925 unigenes in Q. mendeli. Then, the major sensory genes were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. Three chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs), 21 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 58 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified in Q. mendeli by bioinformatics analysis. Our report is the first to obtain abundant biological information on the transcriptome of Q. mendeli that provided valuable information regarding the molecular basis of Q. mendeli perception, and it may help to understand the host location of parasitoids of gall-making pests.
Keywords
Parasitoids, Gall-making pest, Host location, Transcriptome, Chemosensory gene, Phylogenetic analysis
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile9.doc
S9.doc-Amino acid sequence of CSPs, GRs, IRs, OBPs, ORs and SNMPs from organisms other and Quadrastichus mendeli used in phylogenetic analyses.
- Additionalfile9.doc
S9.doc-Amino acid sequence of CSPs, GRs, IRs, OBPs, ORs and SNMPs from organisms other and Quadrastichus mendeli used in phylogenetic analyses.
- Additionalfile8.xls
S8.xls-The candidate proteins transcripts identified in Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptomes.
- Additionalfile8.xls
S8.xls-The candidate proteins transcripts identified in Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptomes.
- Additionalfile7.doc
S7.doc-The sensory protein fasta sequences of Quadrastichus mendeli.
- Additionalfile7.doc
S7.doc-The sensory protein fasta sequences of Quadrastichus mendeli.
- Additionalfile6.xls
S6.xls-Unigenes of candidate proteins.
- Additionalfile6.xls
S6.xls-Unigenes of candidate proteins.
- Additionalfile5.xls
S5.xls-KEGG classification.
- Additionalfile5.xls
S5.xls-KEGG classification.
- Additionalfile4.xls
S4.xls-KOG classification.
- Additionalfile4.xls
S4.xls-KOG classification.
- Additionalfile3.xls
S3.xls-GO classification.
- Additionalfile3.xls
S3.xls-GO classification.
- Additionalfile2.gif
S2.tif-The BLASTx annotations of Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome species distribution.
- Additionalfile2.gif
S2.tif-The BLASTx annotations of Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome species distribution.
- Additionalfile1.xls
S1.xls-Sequencing summary of the Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome.
- Additionalfile1.xls
S1.xls-Sequencing summary of the Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome.
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 11 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
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On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 07 Dec, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Lin Zheng
Guangxi University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 11 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 07 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Gall-inducing insects live within plant tissues and induce tumor-like growth that provides insects with food, shelter, and protection from natural enemies. Interestingly, these insects can be precisely targeted by parasitoids. However, the chemical mechanism of the host location by parasitoids of gall-inducing insects has not been elucidated. Empirical evidence has shown that sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. To date, the sensory genes that regulate parasitoids to locate gall-inducing insects have not been uncovered. An obligate ectoparasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa, which is a global gall-making pest in eucalyptus plantations. Therefore, Q. mendeli - L. invasa provides an ideal system to study the way that parasitoids use sensory genes in gall-making pests. In this study, we present the transcriptome of Q. mendeli using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 31820 transcripts were obtained and assembled into 26925 unigenes in Q. mendeli. Then, the major sensory genes were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. Three chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs), 21 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 58 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified in Q. mendeli by bioinformatics analysis. Our report is the first to obtain abundant biological information on the transcriptome of Q. mendeli that provided valuable information regarding the molecular basis of Q. mendeli perception, and it may help to understand the host location of parasitoids of gall-making pests.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 7
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile9.doc
S9.doc-Amino acid sequence of CSPs, GRs, IRs, OBPs, ORs and SNMPs from organisms other and Quadrastichus mendeli used in phylogenetic analyses.
- Additionalfile9.doc
S9.doc-Amino acid sequence of CSPs, GRs, IRs, OBPs, ORs and SNMPs from organisms other and Quadrastichus mendeli used in phylogenetic analyses.
- Additionalfile8.xls
S8.xls-The candidate proteins transcripts identified in Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptomes.
- Additionalfile8.xls
S8.xls-The candidate proteins transcripts identified in Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptomes.
- Additionalfile7.doc
S7.doc-The sensory protein fasta sequences of Quadrastichus mendeli.
- Additionalfile7.doc
S7.doc-The sensory protein fasta sequences of Quadrastichus mendeli.
- Additionalfile6.xls
S6.xls-Unigenes of candidate proteins.
- Additionalfile6.xls
S6.xls-Unigenes of candidate proteins.
- Additionalfile5.xls
S5.xls-KEGG classification.
- Additionalfile5.xls
S5.xls-KEGG classification.
- Additionalfile4.xls
S4.xls-KOG classification.
- Additionalfile4.xls
S4.xls-KOG classification.
- Additionalfile3.xls
S3.xls-GO classification.
- Additionalfile3.xls
S3.xls-GO classification.
- Additionalfile2.gif
S2.tif-The BLASTx annotations of Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome species distribution.
- Additionalfile2.gif
S2.tif-The BLASTx annotations of Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome species distribution.
- Additionalfile1.xls
S1.xls-Sequencing summary of the Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome.
- Additionalfile1.xls
S1.xls-Sequencing summary of the Quadrastichus mendeli transcriptome.
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