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Renyong Jia
Avian Disease Research Center, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-9184
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Background Tembusu virus (TMUV), a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus, spreads rapidly between ducks, causing massive economic losses in the Chinese duck industry. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent TMUV. Therefore, it is urgent to look for an effective vaccine strategy against TMUV. Heterologous prime-boost regimens priming with vaccines and boosting with recombinant adenovirus vaccines have been proven to be successful strategies for protecting against viruses in experimental animal models.
Methods In this study, heterologous and homologous prime-boost strategies using an attenuated vaccine and a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing prM-E or the E gene of TMUV were evaluated to protect ducks against TMUV infection for the first time, including priming and boosting with the attenuated salmonella vaccine, priming and boosting with the recombinant adenovirus vaccine, and priming with attenuated salmonella vaccine and boosting with the recombinant adenovirus vaccine. Humoral and cellular immune responses were detected and evaluated. We then challenged the ducks with TMUV at 12 days after boosting to assay for clinical symptoms, mortality, viral loads and histopathological lesions after these different strategies.
Results Compared with the homologous prime-boost strategies, the heterologous prime-boost regimen produced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies against TMUV. Additionally, it could induce higher levels of IFN-γ than homologous prime-boost strategies in the later stage. Interestingly, the heterologous prime-boost strategy induced higher levels of IL-4 in the early stage, but the IL-4 levels gradually decreased and were even lower than those induced by the homologous prime-boost strategy in the later stage. Moreover, the heterologous prime-boost strategy could efficiently protect ducks, with low viral titres, no clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions in this experiment after challenge with TMUV, while slight clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions were observed with the homologous prime-boost strategies.
Conclusions Our results indicated that the heterologous prime-boosts strategy induced higher levels of humoral and cellular immune responses and better protection against the TMUV infection in ducks than the homologous prime-boost strategies, suggesting that the heterologous prime-boost strategy is an important candidate for the design of a novel vaccine strategy against TMUV.
Keywords
Tembusu virus, E protein, vaccine, prime-boost strategy
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Virology Journal.
Version 2
Posted 27 Apr, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 21 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jan, 2020
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On 20 Jan, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Virology Journal.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Renyong Jia
Avian Disease Research Center, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-9184
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Virology Journal.
Version 2
Posted 27 Apr, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 21 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 20 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Virology Journal.
Background Tembusu virus (TMUV), a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus, spreads rapidly between ducks, causing massive economic losses in the Chinese duck industry. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent TMUV. Therefore, it is urgent to look for an effective vaccine strategy against TMUV. Heterologous prime-boost regimens priming with vaccines and boosting with recombinant adenovirus vaccines have been proven to be successful strategies for protecting against viruses in experimental animal models.
Methods In this study, heterologous and homologous prime-boost strategies using an attenuated vaccine and a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing prM-E or the E gene of TMUV were evaluated to protect ducks against TMUV infection for the first time, including priming and boosting with the attenuated salmonella vaccine, priming and boosting with the recombinant adenovirus vaccine, and priming with attenuated salmonella vaccine and boosting with the recombinant adenovirus vaccine. Humoral and cellular immune responses were detected and evaluated. We then challenged the ducks with TMUV at 12 days after boosting to assay for clinical symptoms, mortality, viral loads and histopathological lesions after these different strategies.
Results Compared with the homologous prime-boost strategies, the heterologous prime-boost regimen produced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies against TMUV. Additionally, it could induce higher levels of IFN-γ than homologous prime-boost strategies in the later stage. Interestingly, the heterologous prime-boost strategy induced higher levels of IL-4 in the early stage, but the IL-4 levels gradually decreased and were even lower than those induced by the homologous prime-boost strategy in the later stage. Moreover, the heterologous prime-boost strategy could efficiently protect ducks, with low viral titres, no clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions in this experiment after challenge with TMUV, while slight clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions were observed with the homologous prime-boost strategies.
Conclusions Our results indicated that the heterologous prime-boosts strategy induced higher levels of humoral and cellular immune responses and better protection against the TMUV infection in ducks than the homologous prime-boost strategies, suggesting that the heterologous prime-boost strategy is an important candidate for the design of a novel vaccine strategy against TMUV.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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