The visual and measured effects of high-velocity motion and a effective reconstruction method of physical field under the limited velocity of light


 In two frame of reference with relative motion, observing each other's clocks and rulers is an important method to judge whether they have changes in time rate and length. The light reflection device (including light source, mirror opposite the light source and observer) is a suitable clock and ruler.
However, people have been living in low-velocity motions world, so it is easier to cause some confusions. For example, because the velocity of light is limited, in a high-velocity train it is impossible for a directed single or a series of photons to reach the mirror opposite the device and the mirror is not in the expected rest position. It can only succeed when it emits the spherical light waves. However, at this time, both high-velocity and rest observers can detect the same light path and time. 
On the other side, if the device is set on the ground, both high-velocity and rest observers also detect the same light path and time which are both decreased. Therefore, the time rate is faster and the length is longer than that on the train.
The article uses the physical field reconstruction to study the physical process of high-velocity motion, and points out that the geometric center of the light emitting can be used as an absolute rest frame of reference to analysis.
The proposed new concept of space-time can deal with the Twin Paradox without contradiction, and prefectly explain the high-velocity physical phenomena observed.


The premise 2
This article discusses all are based on the current calculations and observed results as the 3 premise: 4 1.1 Light is an electromagnetic wave, without the ether as the transmission medium, it 5 propagates in a vacuum as a field, and its velocity in vacuum measured in any Inertial system 6 (normally is rest) along each direction is a constant value, this result also calculated from Maxwell's 7 set of equations. Recorded as constant C=3*10 8 m/s. 8 1. 2 The velocity of rays emitted by high-velocity mesons are still the C, which means C is a limited 9 velocity (both particles and information transmission) in the world, and the light is always 10 propagated in empty space with a definite velocity C which is independent of the state of motion 11 of the emitting body, said by Albert Einstein. 12 Note: The visual effects we discussed are excluding perspective. 13

The current opinions 14
As in [1], assume that there is the light source and a mirror which is opposite the light source on 15 a high-velocity train running at a constant velocity V, as shown in Figure 1a  Therefore, the observer Mr. Train (Figure 1a) on the high-velocity train will only use one clock to 19 record the time difference between the two events. Since both events seems occur locally, they 20 are recorded as Δt0 called the proper time. The distance traveled by the light is 2*D. 21 The observer on the ground, Mr. Ground (as shown in Figure 1b As long as V is not 0, the measured Δt is always larger than Δt0 , which is called the time dilation 16 of the Special Relativity, the length contraction can be derived from the time dilation. 17 However, it is generally believed that the time rate of people on the ground observed by people 18 on the train will also be slowed down. This is caused by the relativity of motion, and it is also the 19 root cause of the Twin Paradox. 20 3. The visual and measured effects of high-velocity motion 21 However, people have been living in low-velocity motions, and they often judge the physical 22 phenomena of high-velocity motion intuitively, which is not rigorous enough. 23 For better understanding for the visual effects of the device in high-velocity train, we can set the 24 distance D between the mirror and the light source to 1 light-year. Due to the diffusion state after 25 the light is emitted is not affected by the motion state of the light source, the directed single photon 26 from light source needs to reach the original position of the mirror after 1 year, but in fact, the 27 mirror has long been far away, so there is no reflected light at all, and the experiment of the device 28 is unsuccessful whether is for observers on the train or ground, as shown in Figure 2a.  This is one of the common misunderstandings. Not only that, we will also propose later in the 16 analysis that for the observer in motion, the mirror is not directly in front of the light source. 17 The basis for the real success of the experiment is that the light source emits spherical light 18 waves, as shown in Figure 3 below the spherical light waves (indicated by the blue dashed line) 19 always reach the mirror then reflect to the light source. For convenience, the simplified light path 20 can be drawn as straight line, shown in Figure 3, the same as in the previous Figure 1b   But before proceeding to the next detailed analysis, we would like use an example to redefine 1 the rules because we found a lot of confusion.    Let us further imagine that if the clocks on the observer A and Planet B are synchronized, then 1 the actual time of the event can be known, then the sequence of events recorded by observer A 2 according to the synchronized clock is: 3 Calculate the rocket velocity: 5 V = L/t = 1 l.y. / 1.25 years = 0.8 C 6 So we must use the synchronized clock for physics field reconstruction. 7

Key frame method 8
In order to facilitate analysis, we can use multiple key frames combined with the synchronized 9 clocks, following by some suggestions. In a word, for the research and description of all problems, it should be stated whether the 6 description is a visual field or a physics field reconstruction in advance. 7 5. The physics field reconstruction of the observer on train 8 Back to the discussion of the visual phenomena seen by the observer on the train under the 9 spherical light wave. We assume that the velocity of the train is v=0.8C. Since D is 1 light-year, 10 although the physical position of the mirror can be considered to be directly opposite to the light 11 source at the rest, since the velocity of light is limited, the observer can only receive the light waves 12 from the mirror more than 1 year ago (similar to the sun we can only observe 8 minutes ago), that 13 is the fact that the mirror is not directly in front of the light source (both visual and physical 14 measurements), but it is located directly behind the light source a distance position(The direction 15 opposite to the direction of train movement). 16 Then we start the physics field reconstruction as Figure 6, assume that there is smoke in the 17 space to facilitate observation of the light path. 18 We divide the spatial distribution of the observer and the light diffusion into 11 key frames T0-19 When the observer is at T10, the wave front T5 of the event "light reaches the mirror" is 21 transmitted to the observer, and the light reflected from the mirror also reaches the observer at 22 the same time. This is an interesting phenomenon in which light is used for testing and at the same 23 time only light can be used to observe objects. It is very important to realize this, because it is 24 destined that the mirrors observed by regardless the train observer or the ground observer at the 25 moment of event 2 are all located in the same location. It is not difficult to calculate R and there is 26 still a distance offset even when D is very small. 27 Where D is rest distance of the mirror 28 The physics field reconstruction ( Figure 6) can be used to analysis. Obviously, the observers on 29 the train or on the ground also think that the distance traveled by the reflected light is 2*L. 30 In order to get the observer's visual effect, we can re-align the key frames of Figure 6 again 13 according to his position, then see the mirror he observed is not directly in front of him, but is 14 located directly behind a distance position. If the light source emits a bunch of photons, its path in 15 space will follow the red line in Figure 7 until it reaches the mirror at frame T10 as shown in Figure  16 6, and for him, the reflection angle of light is not as understood which is in the rest world. 17 The light path in Figures 6 and 7  For the observer on the train, he has no way to detect whether time is slowing down. For him, 24 time passes normally, but some physical phenomena are different from those at rest. 25 In order to compare the movement clock changes of the two frame of references, two observers 26 are required to observe each other's clocks for comparison. 27 For example, in the above behavior, assume the train velocity is 0.6C, then γ = 1.25. Table 3    For the vision of observer on the train, the ground device moves away from him at a speed V (in 4 the direction of the dashed arrow in Figure 8). For the convenience of analysis, 5 key frames (T0-5 T4) with Mr. Train as the frame of reference are stacked in Figure 8. And the light source is set to a 6 single photon, which has already succeed in this case. 7 We can see the photon forms an visual oblique trace in space with a red dotted line indicating 8 in Figure 2, but in fact it is not such a light path whether the light source emits a single or continuous 9 photon, spherical wave (it is also a major misunderstanding of the traditional interpretation of the 10 Special Relativity), and because the diffusion state after the light is emitted is not affected by the 11 motion state of the observer or the light source, the true path of the photon is as shown in the red 12 arrow in Figure 8, it is directly emitted to the rest position of the mirror and reflected back, so the 13 path that the light travels is still 2*D, which is exactly the same as the result of the ground observer. Therefore, the train observer's report on the device on the train and ground is shown in There is no contradiction between the observations and conclusions in Table 3 above. 3 In fact, for a non-moving observer, considering that he continuously uses the synchronized clocks 4 to follow the test continuously, it is actually equivalent to playing the role of a motion observer by 5 constantly following the motion. In other words, the synchronized clock only compensates for the 6 light propagation time from the non-moving observer to the location of the event, and does not 7 affect any other physical states. That non-moving and moving result from observed or measured is 8 exactly same. Obviously, the clock device can also be used as a standard ruler carried. (In fact, now we define 17 the length of light traveled in 1/C seconds as one meter). 18 And in the example above, for both the observer on the ground and train, the length of moving 19 ruler is elongated γ times, so when use this ruler to measure dimension, the result Ld is: 20 We examine the change of the standard ruler in the direction of movement. Obviously, the 22 process can be reconstructed in the above-mentioned method. It is divided into 3 key frames, 23 where T0 is the moment when the light is emitted, T1 is the moment when the light reaches the 24 mirror, and T2 when the light reflects to the light source. At the moment of the source, the light is 25 set to a single photon for the convenience of analysis. As shown in Figure 9. It can be explained that in the process of light reaching the mirror, the standard ruler is shrinkage 23 to the original times (mark as V0 is the velocity reference to the absolute rest frame), 24 and after reflected, the standard ruler elongate to the original times, because the ruler 25 changes, the measured distance changes are as follows: 1 As far as the propagation of light in single direction, the length value elongation same as the 2 direction of light movement is: 3 4 The length contraction opposite to the direction of light movement is: 5 6 Considering that the test distance generally requires a round trip of light (like a distance 7 measurement by object), the average length change is: 8 , the same as the other directions above formula (4). 9 Following Example in 8.4 will show the complexity in length change. 10

Introduction of new concept of space-time 11
Einstein's traditional Special Relativity explained that the time dilation in relative motion would 12 introduce a lot of paradoxes and contradictions. 13 In view of the complexity of relative motion, it is difficult to correctly reconstruct the physical 14 field within limited observations. Although the concept of ether should be discarded, in high-15 velocity motion, we can use the geometric center of the light emission as an absolutely rest frame 16 of reference, which is easy for the analysis. 17 Based on this, we propose a new space-time concept here, including the following two basic 18 assumptions: 19  In the absolute rest frame of reference system, the velocity of light in all directions in the 20 vacuum is C, and this velocity is the limited velocity of the physical motion and information 21 transmission. 22  The physical laws observed in the correct physical field reconstruction of each frame of 23 reference are all the same. 24 The following inferences: 25 A) The geometric center of light emission can be used as an absolute rest frame of reference. 26 B) In a correct physical field reconstruction , the time rate and spatial scale observed for the same 27 Obviously, the traditional Special Relativity analysis is actually the absolute velocity rather than 20 the relative velocity in momentum analysis, so most of the effects exist, but we change the V in 21 most formulas to the velocity V0 of the absolute frame of reference, and T (time) in most formulas 22 should also be confirmed to be whether the rest (T0) or the dynamic (Td). 23 In the Special Relativity, in order to avoid that the force F is kept on the object, which will produce 24 stable acceleration and cause the velocity to exceed the C, and the concept of moving mass M is in 25 Special Relativity : 26

M= M0 * γ 27
In the new concept, the moving mass M0 (for the object as the frame of reference itself) does 28 not change, but because V0 has been increasing, Td will decrease to very small, so V0 =F *Td /M0 29 is difficult to produce higher velocity, which is also limited by C.
Of course, in terms of the time of the rest frame of reference, it can be equivalently considered 1 that the moving mass increases according to the Lorentz factor as the Special Relativity. 2 Therefore, the mass-energy formula remains the same ( E = M * C² ). 3 And all the calculations about dynamic energy are based on the absolute rest frame of reference, 4 and there is no need to deal with the confusion caused by the relative motion velocity. 5 F) Doppler effects: 6 Obviously, it becomes easier to analyze due to the absolute rest frame of reference. 7 Assuming that the light source is rest, the observer has a velocity U for the light source (closer is 8 positive, far away is negative), then the wave number received during the rest frame of reference 9 time T0 increases when U is positive, and decreases when U is negative. 10 That is, the wave number ratio is: 11 where U<C 12 However, at this time, for the observer, the time Td becomes T0/γ, so the frequency f change to: 13 14 When considering that the observer is rest, the light source moves at a velocity V (closer is 15 positive, far away is negative). Considering V is positive, the wave number increases, because the 16 light source changes its time to TD= T0/γ causes less waves to be emitted, so the number of waves 17 received by the observer during the rest frame of reference time T0 becomes: 18 where V<C 19 So the frequency f change to: 20 21 At low velocity, it is similar to the tradition, but at higher velocity, it is obviously different than 22 Special Relativity, and it needs the experimental verification. The average lifetime observed in lab when muons are rest is 2.2μs. However, when the muons 26 Knowing that AC is 1.6 l.y. apart, when the observer starts from A at a velocity of V=0.6C, C emits 29 light in the direction of A at the same time. How long will the observer be able to observe the light? Note: The use of velocity (C+V) here is only an arithmetic process, and does not mean that there 9 is a super-light phenomenon in the physical field. Because there is no information transmitted from 10 C to A at this time. 11 However, taking the observer as the frame of reference, the wrong opinion in the Special 12 Relativity will think that the velocity cannot be summing. According the rules in Special Relativity, 13 the velocity is also (0.6+1)/(1+0.6)=C, but at this time the Lorentz factor becomes infinite or even 14 it is calculated at 1.25, which makes it impossible to solve this problem correctly. 15 In the new concept of space-time, there are two solutions to the motion system: 16 A) Assuming that the observer does not move, and the solution from the perspective of light is: 17 Since the two moving directions are opposite, the total distance shrinks to: 18

19
Since the velocity of light does not change, the moving time Td= Tc = Lc /C = 0.8 l.y. /C=0.8 years. 20 And the time of rest frame of reference is T0=1.25* Td=1 year. It will arrive after 1 year which is 21 consistent with the preset. 22 B) Assuming that the light wave does not move, the solution from the observer is: 23 Since the two moving directions are opposite, the total distance is contracted by the Lorentz 24 factor caused by V0 as Ld = L0/ 1.25 = 1.6/1.25= 1.28 l.y. 25 The total velocity V' is C+V = 1.6 C. The constant velocity of light and the way it spreads are characteristic of the cosmic context we 2 live In view of the complexity of relative motion, it is difficult to correctly reconstruct the physical 3 field within limited number of observations. In fact, almost all the motions discussed here are 4 based on the absolute rest frame of reference, the physics field reconstruction can reflect the real 5 physics phenomenon and also for analyzing the visual effects. 6 This new concept of space-time will refresh people's ideas about high-velocity moving objects 7 and the results of observations of the universe. 8 9 10