Table 4. Percent Change in Trend of Average Healthcare Visits per Quarter by Type of Clinic Visited; 8 Quarters Pre- & Post-Intervention
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Variable
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Estimate [1]
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95%CI
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p-value
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Community Encounters
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9577
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(0.9442, 0.9715)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9975
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(0.9711, 1.0246)
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0.8546
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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1.0302
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(1.0029, 1.0583)
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0.0301
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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0.9960
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(0.9462, 1.0484)
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0.8791
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Counseling/Behavior
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0512
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(1.0417, 1.0609)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9455
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(0.921, 0.9707)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9171
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(0.9027, 0.9316)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0630
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(1.0132, 1.1153)
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0.0126
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Dental
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0295
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(1.0209, 1.0381)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9836
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(0.9444, 1.0243)
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0.4236
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9690
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(0.9552, 0.9829)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0410
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(0.9701, 1.1172)
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0.2645
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Emergency
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9834
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(0.9777, 0.9892)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9832
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(0.9623, 1.0045)
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0.1211
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9802
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(0.9698, 0.9907)
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0.0003
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0073
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(0.9669, 1.0493)
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0.7290
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Inpatient
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0185
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(1.012, 1.0251)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9804
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(0.9564, 1.0051)
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0.1186
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9856
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(0.9748, 0.9966)
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0.0102
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0249
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(0.9808, 1.071)
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0.2734
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Primary Care Outpatient
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0241
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(1.0199, 1.0283)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9806
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(0.9654, 0.996)
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0.0137
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9756
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(0.9687, 0.9825)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0319
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(1.0041, 1.0605)
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0.0243
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Specialty Care Outpatient
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0179
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(1.0136, 1.0222)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0028
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(0.987, 1.0188)
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0.7333
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9701
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(0.9629, 0.9774)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0040
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(0.9763, 1.0325)
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0.7807
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Laboratory
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.2005
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(1.1916, 1.2094)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9806
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(0.9543, 1.0077)
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0.1602
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.8008
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(0.792, 0.8098)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0218
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(0.9799, 1.0655)
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0.3122
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Pharmacy
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.1347
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(1.1282, 1.1413)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9245
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(0.9067, 0.9427)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.8073
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(0.7996, 0.8151)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0901
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(1.0533, 1.1282)
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< 0.0001
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Radiology
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0209
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(1.0009, 1.0412)
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0.0409
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0086
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(0.9341, 1.0889)
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0.8272
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9872
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(0.9548, 1.0207)
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0.4500
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0136
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(0.8948, 1.148)
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0.8321
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Total 1 (including laboratory, pharmacy & radiology)
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0104
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(1.0081, 1.0127)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9778
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(0.97, 0.9856)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9830
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(0.9791, 0.9868)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0249
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(1.0103, 1.0398)
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0.0008
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Total 2 (excluding laboratory, pharmacy & radiology)
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Non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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1.0120
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(1.0097, 1.0144)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, COPE versus non-COPE patient utilization trend, pre-intervention
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0.9834
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(0.9751, 0.9917)
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0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, non-COPE patients
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0.9812
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(0.9773, 0.9851)
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< 0.0001
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Difference, pre-/post-intervention utilization trend, COPE versus non-COPE patients
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1.0205
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(1.0052, 1.036)
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0.0086
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[1] The regression was performed as generalized linear mixed regression model for count outcomes, assuming a Poisson distribution for the outcome variable using a log-link. The regression results presented here are the exponentiated values of the specified coefficients to be directly interpretable as the percent change in utilization relative to enrollment in COPE.
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