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Research Article
Khairunadwa Jemon
Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Corresponding Author
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the anti-tumour immune response, is limited. In this study we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the anti-tumor immune response in breast tumors. Results demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43oC reduced tumor progression and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 secretion was observed in blood of treated mice. Overall, this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable anti-tumor immune response against breast cancer.
Keywords
Breast cancer, Immunohistochemical analysis, favourable anti-tumor immune response
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryInformationHyperthermiabyNearInfraredRadiationInducedImmuneCellsActivationandInfiltrationinBreastTumor.docx
- SupplementaryFigure.tif
Supplementary Figure S1. Dot plot showing the gating strategy of (a) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and (b) Tregs. Cells were gated based on forward and side scatter profile for doublet exclusion. PI live/dead staining was performed to remove dead cells.
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Khairunadwa Jemon
Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 07 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 10 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 30 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 21 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 10 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Pathology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Breast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the anti-tumour immune response, is limited. In this study we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the anti-tumor immune response in breast tumors. Results demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43oC reduced tumor progression and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 secretion was observed in blood of treated mice. Overall, this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable anti-tumor immune response against breast cancer.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryInformationHyperthermiabyNearInfraredRadiationInducedImmuneCellsActivationandInfiltrationinBreastTumor.docx
- SupplementaryFigure.tif
Supplementary Figure S1. Dot plot showing the gating strategy of (a) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and (b) Tregs. Cells were gated based on forward and side scatter profile for doublet exclusion. PI live/dead staining was performed to remove dead cells.
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