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Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors are one of the characteristic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder. This domain of symptoms includes a broad range of behaviors. There is a need to study each behavior individually to better understand the role they each have in the development of autistic children. Moreover, there are currently no longitudinal studies investigating change in these behaviors over development.
Methods: The goal of the present study was to explore the association between age and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ) on 15 RRB symptoms included in the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) over time. A total of 205 children with ASD were assessed using the ADI-R at time of diagnosis, at age 6 years, and at age 11 years, and with the addition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) at age 8 years.
Results: The proportion of children showing each RRB tended to diminish with increasing age (p < 0.001), except for sensitivity to noise and circumscribed interests, where the proportion increased over time. Although there was no significant main effect of NVIQ (p = 0.101), there was a significant interaction between age and NVIQ (p < 0.01). This was mainly driven by Difficulties with change in routine, for which higher NVIQ was associated with the prevalence of the behavior remaining relatively stable with age, while lower NVIQ was associated with the behavior becoming more prevalent with age.
Limitations: The study focused on the presence/absence of each RRB but did not account for potential changes in frequency or severity of the behaviors over development. Furthermore, some limitations are inherent to the measures used. The ADI-R relies on parent-report and hence has some level of subjectivity, while the Wechsler intelligence scales can underestimate the intellectual abilities of some autistic children.
Conclusions: These results confirm that specific RRBs are differentially linked to age and NVIQ. Studying RRBs individually is a promising approach to better understand how RRBs change over the development of autistic children and are linked to other developmental domains.
Keywords
Autism, longitudinal, restricted, repetitive, behaviors, interest, intelligence, ADI-R, Wechsler
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View the published article at Molecular Autism.
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Posted 16 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 19 Apr, 2021
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Dec, 2020
Metrics
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Subject Areas
Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience
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See the published version of this preprint at Molecular Autism.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Molecular Autism.
Version (no preprint)
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 19 Apr, 2021
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Molecular Autism.
Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors are one of the characteristic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder. This domain of symptoms includes a broad range of behaviors. There is a need to study each behavior individually to better understand the role they each have in the development of autistic children. Moreover, there are currently no longitudinal studies investigating change in these behaviors over development.
Methods: The goal of the present study was to explore the association between age and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ) on 15 RRB symptoms included in the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) over time. A total of 205 children with ASD were assessed using the ADI-R at time of diagnosis, at age 6 years, and at age 11 years, and with the addition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) at age 8 years.
Results: The proportion of children showing each RRB tended to diminish with increasing age (p < 0.001), except for sensitivity to noise and circumscribed interests, where the proportion increased over time. Although there was no significant main effect of NVIQ (p = 0.101), there was a significant interaction between age and NVIQ (p < 0.01). This was mainly driven by Difficulties with change in routine, for which higher NVIQ was associated with the prevalence of the behavior remaining relatively stable with age, while lower NVIQ was associated with the behavior becoming more prevalent with age.
Limitations: The study focused on the presence/absence of each RRB but did not account for potential changes in frequency or severity of the behaviors over development. Furthermore, some limitations are inherent to the measures used. The ADI-R relies on parent-report and hence has some level of subjectivity, while the Wechsler intelligence scales can underestimate the intellectual abilities of some autistic children.
Conclusions: These results confirm that specific RRBs are differentially linked to age and NVIQ. Studying RRBs individually is a promising approach to better understand how RRBs change over the development of autistic children and are linked to other developmental domains.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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