Journal/ Year/ First author
|
Country
|
Setting/ num
|
Design
|
Age (y)/ gender
|
Overweight/ obesity status and definition
|
Disease status
|
ST definition
|
ST measurement
|
Main findings
|
Plos One/ 2019/ Pabon et al [47]
|
USA
|
Community/ 2358+546
|
Cross-sectional
|
13-17/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as 1 ≤BMI Z-score <2
|
Healthy
|
TV, Video game
|
Questionnaire
|
No significant association between increased screen time and risk of overweight or obesity.
|
BMC Public Health/ 2019/ Haidar A [21]
|
USA
|
School/ 6716
|
Cross-sectional
|
14.88/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≤95th and ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of age respectively
|
Healthy
|
TV, DVD, movies
|
Questionnaire
|
No significant association between increased screen time and risk of overweight or obesity.
|
J Nepal Health Res Counc/ 2018/ Saha M [23]
|
Bangladesh
|
School/ 288
|
Cross-sectional
|
10-14/ both
|
Obesity defined as ≥95th percentile of age
|
Healthy
|
TV, Video game, PC
|
Questionnaire
|
No significant association between increased screen time and risk of overweight or obesity.
|
Tropical Doctor/ 2018/ Mansouri N [77]
|
Pakistan
|
School/ 887
|
Cross-sectional
|
11-15/ both
|
Overweight defined as ≤95th and ≥85th percentile of age
|
Healthy
|
TV
|
Questionnaire
|
Watching TV more than 2 hours/ day was associated with increased risk of overweight (6.42 (4.32–9.54) P <0.0001)
|
Prev Chronic Dis/ 2018/ Hu EY[48]
|
USA
|
School/ 15624
|
Cross-sectional
|
14- 18/ both
|
Obesity defined as ≥ 95th percentile of age
|
Healthy
|
TV, Video or computer game, PC use
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of obesity for those with more than 3 hours/ day TV watching ( 1.38 (1.09–1.76) and more than 3 hours video game or PC use (1.19 (0.98–1.43)
|
BMC Res Notes/ 2018/ Godakanda I [49]
|
USA
|
School/ 880
|
Cross-sectional
|
14-15/ both
|
Overweight defined as BMI Z-score≥ 1
|
Healthy
|
TV, Video/ DVD
|
Questionnaire
|
Television watching time ≥ 2 h/day (2.6 (1.7–3.8) and Video/DVD watching ≥ 2 h/day (3.1 (1.8-5.3) were associated with increased risk of overweight.
|
Egypt Ped Assoc Gazette/ 2016/ Talat MA [78]
|
Egypt
|
School/ 32400
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-15/both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≤95th and ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of age respectively
|
Healthy
|
TV
|
Questionnaire
|
More than 2 hours TV watching was associated with increased risk of obesity (1.36 CI= 0.45–6.8; P = 0.048)
|
BMJ Open/ 2016/ Piryani S [81]
|
Nepal
|
School/ 360
|
Cross-sectional
|
16-19/ both
|
Overweight defined as BMI Z-score≥ 1
|
Healthy
|
TV
|
Questionnaire
|
Watching TV more than 2 hours/ day was associated with increased risk of obesity (OR= 8.86 (3.90 to 20.11) <0.001
|
Med J Islamic Rep Iran/ 2016/ Moradi G [79]
|
Iran
|
School/ 2506
|
Cross-sectional
|
10-12/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≤95th and ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of age respectively
|
Healthy
|
TV, VG
|
Questionnaire
|
Screen time was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity (1.41(1.17-1.69)
|
Indian J Comm Health/ 2015/ Watharkar A [50]
|
India
|
School/ 806
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-15/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≤95th and ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of age respectively
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC, cell phone
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight obesity for those with more than 2 hours TV watching (OR=3.72; CI= 2.38-5.83) or more than 2 hours computer or mobile phone use (OR=1.68; CI= 1.09-2.57)
|
Revista Paulista de Pediatria/ 2015/ De Lucena JMS [80]
|
Brazil
|
School/ 2874
|
Cross-sectional
|
14-19/ both
|
Overweight 25≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 and obesity BMI≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC, VG
|
Questionnaire
|
Excessive screen time was associated with increased risk of overweight/ obesity (1.25 (0.93-1.67)
|
BMC Pediatr/ 2014/ Velásquez-Rodríguez CM [51]
|
Finland
|
Community/ 120
|
Cross-sectional
|
10-18/ both
|
Overweight defined as ≤95th and ≥85th percentile of age
|
Healthy and with insulin resistance
|
TV
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight in excessive TV watchers among adolescents with insulin resistance (OR= 2.39; CI= 0.94-6.05) but not among healthy adolescents.
|
Int J Obes/ 2013/ De Jong E [52]
|
Netherland
|
School/ 2429+2004+2068
|
Cross-sectional
|
10-13/ both
|
Overweight 25≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 and obesity BMI≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC
|
Questionnaire
|
No significant association between TV watching more than 1.5 hours or PC use of more than 30 minutes and overweight/ obesity.
|
JCRPE/ 2012/ Ercan S [53]
|
Turkey
|
School/ 8848
|
Cross- sectional
|
11-18/ both
|
Overweight 25≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 and obesity BMI≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight and obesity for those with more than 2 hours TV watching or PC use.
|
Pediatrics/ 2012/ Drake KM [55]
|
England
|
School/ 1718
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-18/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≤95th and ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of age respectively
|
Healthy
|
TV, DVD, video game
|
Questionnaire
|
Screen time of 7.1 -14 and >14 hours/week was associated with increased obesity risk of OR= 1.28 CI= 1.06, 1.55; P<0.05 and OR= 1.37 CI= 1.09, 1.71; P < 0.01 respectively.
|
J Korean Med Sci/ 2012/ Byun W [56]
|
Korea
|
Community/ 1033
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-18/ both
|
Overweight/ obesity defined as ≥ 95th percentile of age
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC, video game
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight and obesity was observed by increased screen time
|
Ital J Pediatr / 2012/ Adesina AF[57]
|
Nigeria
|
School/ 690
|
Cross-sectional
|
10-19/ both
|
Overweight 25≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 and obesity BMI≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
TV
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight and obesity was observed by increased screen time
|
Childhood Obesity/ 2011/ El-Gilany AH [54]
|
Egypt
|
School/ 953
|
Cross-sectional
|
14-19/ both
|
Overweight defined as ≤95th and ≥85th percentile of age
|
Healthy
|
TV, PC
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of overweight/ obesity for those with more than 2 hours TV watching (2.6 (1.7–3.9) or more than 2 hours computer use (1.8 (1.3–2.5)
|
J Epidemiol/ 2009/ Sun Y [24]
|
Japan
|
School/ 5753
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-13/ both
|
Overweight 25≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
TV, VG
|
Questionnaire
|
Watching TV more than 3 hours/ d was associated with increased risk of overweight in boys (OR=1.79; CI=1.21–2.67 and girls OR= 2.37; CI= 1.55–3.62; P <0.001
|
Int J Pediatr Obes/ 2008/ Collins AE[26]
|
Indonesia
|
School/ 1758
|
Cross-sectional
|
12-15/ both
|
Obesity defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
|
Healthy
|
PC, PS
|
Questionnaire
|
Increased risk of obesity in those with more than 3 hours/ d PC use (OR= 1.85; CI= 1.04-3.29) or play station use (OR=1.94; CI= 1.23- 3.05)
|