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Research Article
Neutron Bragg-Edge Transmission Imaging for Microstructure and Residual Strain in Induction Hardened Gears
Yuhua Su
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Corresponding Author
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A time-of-flight Bragg-edge neutron transmission imaging was used to investigate the microstructure and strain distributions in a gear hardened by a newly developed two-step induction-heating method: precursor (Sample 1) and final product (Sample 2). The edge-position and edge-broadening were determined and mapped with high resolution, which enabled us to confirm the two-dimensional distributions of the microstructure and residual strain. A deep hardened layer was made for Sample 1 in which martensite was formed on the entire teeth and the outer peripheral portion of the gear body. Sample 2 was subjected to double induction-hardening, where a tempered martensite was formed as the thermal refined microstructure between a fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the core. The relationship between edge-broadening and the Vickers hardness described by a linear equation was employed to derive the elastic residual strain. The residual strain map for Sample 2 revealed that a steep compressive strain was introduced into the fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface by the super rapid induction-heating and quenching process. The reversal of tension was speculated to occur below 2 mm from the tooth tip, and the strain was almost zero in the core region.
Keywords
Bragg-edge broadening, neutron imaging, induction hardened gear, residual strain, Vickers hardness
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
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Posted 18 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
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Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #5 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Dec, 2020
First submitted
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Neutron Bragg-Edge Transmission Imaging for Microstructure and Residual Strain in Induction Hardened Gears
Yuhua Su
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 18 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Review #5 received
Received 31 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 12 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
A time-of-flight Bragg-edge neutron transmission imaging was used to investigate the microstructure and strain distributions in a gear hardened by a newly developed two-step induction-heating method: precursor (Sample 1) and final product (Sample 2). The edge-position and edge-broadening were determined and mapped with high resolution, which enabled us to confirm the two-dimensional distributions of the microstructure and residual strain. A deep hardened layer was made for Sample 1 in which martensite was formed on the entire teeth and the outer peripheral portion of the gear body. Sample 2 was subjected to double induction-hardening, where a tempered martensite was formed as the thermal refined microstructure between a fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the core. The relationship between edge-broadening and the Vickers hardness described by a linear equation was employed to derive the elastic residual strain. The residual strain map for Sample 2 revealed that a steep compressive strain was introduced into the fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface by the super rapid induction-heating and quenching process. The reversal of tension was speculated to occur below 2 mm from the tooth tip, and the strain was almost zero in the core region.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.