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Article
Saúl Domínguez-Guerrero
Yale University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-6752
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Viviparity is an evolutionary innovation that enhances maternal protection of developing embryos relative to egg-laying ancestors. The behavioral, physiological, morphological, and life history pathways underpinning this innovation, however, remain unclear. We capitalized on the repeated origin of viviparity in phrynosomatid lizards to tease apart the phenotypic patterns associated with evolutionary transitions to live birth. We detected tandem reductions in mass-specific metabolic rate and mass-specific production in viviparous lineages, in turn reflecting decreases in thermal physiology and fecundity, respectively. These pathways reduce the energetic burden of viviparity without concomitant reductions in offspring body size. Although viviparous lizards are more prevalent in cold environments, transitions in thermal habitat only weakly predict parity mode evolution. Likewise, only cold tolerance adapts rapidly to thermal environment. Heat tolerance and preferred body temperatures track the thermal environment, but with a lag at million-year timescales. This lag likely reflects behavioral buffering: viviparous lizards thermoregulate to low body temperatures, regardless of ambient conditions. Rather than representing an adaptation to cold climates, the lower thermal and metabolic physiology of viviparous species are likely an energetic adjustment for reproduction that facilitated their prolific colonization of cooler environments.
Keywords
viviparity, viviparous lizards, evolutionary transition, live birth
Figure 1
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Figure 3
This preprint is available for download as a PDF.
There is NO Competing Interest.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryInformation.docx
Supplementary_Information
- SupplementaryData1.xlsx
Supplementary_Data_1
- SupplementaryData2.xlsx
Supplementary_Data_2
- PhrynosomatidaeGeneMatrix.txt
Phrynosomatidae_Gene_Matrix
- PhrynosomatidaeTree.txt
Phrynosomatidae_Tree
- Phrynosomatidae500Trees.txt
Phrynosomatidae_500_Trees
- RS.pdf
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This preprint is under consideration at a Nature Portfolio Journal. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Nature journals have partnered with Research Square to offer In Review, a journal-integrated preprint deposition service.
Article
Saúl Domínguez-Guerrero
Yale University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-6752
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 12 Jan, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Viviparity is an evolutionary innovation that enhances maternal protection of developing embryos relative to egg-laying ancestors. The behavioral, physiological, morphological, and life history pathways underpinning this innovation, however, remain unclear. We capitalized on the repeated origin of viviparity in phrynosomatid lizards to tease apart the phenotypic patterns associated with evolutionary transitions to live birth. We detected tandem reductions in mass-specific metabolic rate and mass-specific production in viviparous lineages, in turn reflecting decreases in thermal physiology and fecundity, respectively. These pathways reduce the energetic burden of viviparity without concomitant reductions in offspring body size. Although viviparous lizards are more prevalent in cold environments, transitions in thermal habitat only weakly predict parity mode evolution. Likewise, only cold tolerance adapts rapidly to thermal environment. Heat tolerance and preferred body temperatures track the thermal environment, but with a lag at million-year timescales. This lag likely reflects behavioral buffering: viviparous lizards thermoregulate to low body temperatures, regardless of ambient conditions. Rather than representing an adaptation to cold climates, the lower thermal and metabolic physiology of viviparous species are likely an energetic adjustment for reproduction that facilitated their prolific colonization of cooler environments.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This preprint is available for download as a PDF.
There is NO Competing Interest.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryInformation.docx
Supplementary_Information
- SupplementaryData1.xlsx
Supplementary_Data_1
- SupplementaryData2.xlsx
Supplementary_Data_2
- PhrynosomatidaeGeneMatrix.txt
Phrynosomatidae_Gene_Matrix
- PhrynosomatidaeTree.txt
Phrynosomatidae_Tree
- Phrynosomatidae500Trees.txt
Phrynosomatidae_500_Trees
- RS.pdf
Reporting Summary
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