A Sense of Place: Transcriptomics Identifies Environmental Signatures in Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Skins in the Late Stages of Ripening.
Background Grape berry ripening is influenced by climate, the main component of the “terroir” of a place. Light and temperature are major factors in the vineyard that affect berry development and fruit metabolite composition.
Results To better understand the effect of “place” on berry ripening, transcript abundances in Cabernet Sauvignon berries grown in Bordeaux were compared to those in Reno during the late stages of berry development at similar berry sugar levels (19 to 26 °Brix, total soluble solids (TSS)). Day lengths were similar in both locations but day temperatures were warmer and night temperatures were cooler in Reno. TSS was lower in Bordeaux berries compared to Reno at maturity levels considered optimum for harvest. RNA-seq analysis identified 4,455 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Bordeaux and Reno grape skins at 22°Brix. Top DEG gene ontology categories involved response to stimulus (1464 genes), biosynthesis (1260 genes) and response to stress (834 genes). Some DEGS included genes encoding terpene synthases, cell wall enzymes, kinases, transporters, transcription factors and photoreceptors. Most circadian clock genes had higher transcript abundance in Bordeaux. The plant temperature sensor phytochrome B was linked with Reveille 1 expression, which is part of the circadian clock output pathway that affects seed dormancy. Bordeaux berries had higher transcript abundance with DEGs associated with seed dormancy, light, auxin, ethylene signaling, powdery mildew infection, phenylpropanoid, carotenoid and terpenoid metabolism, whereas Reno berries were enriched with DEGs involved in water deprivation, cold response, ABA signaling and Fe homeostasis.
Conclusions Transcript abundance profiles in the berry skins at maturity were highly dynamic. RNA-seq analysis identified a common core set of ripening genes that do not depend on rootstock, vineyard management, plant age, soil and climatic conditions. Most DEGs could be associated with different environmental conditions that affected the berries in the two locations and may be potentially controlled in different ways by the vinegrower to adjust final berry composition and reach a desired result. Temperature, light, water status and fungal infection were identified to be some of the most influential factors that affected differential gene expression and the quality trait pathways associated with them.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Posted 15 Jan, 2020
On 28 Jan, 2020
On 14 Jan, 2020
On 14 Jan, 2020
On 08 Jan, 2020
On 08 Jan, 2020
On 03 Jan, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2019
On 24 Dec, 2019
On 24 Dec, 2019
On 21 Nov, 2019
Received 15 Nov, 2019
Received 10 Nov, 2019
On 01 Nov, 2019
On 25 Oct, 2019
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2019
On 07 Oct, 2019
On 06 Oct, 2019
On 06 Oct, 2019
On 08 Jul, 2019
Received 06 Jul, 2019
Received 05 Jul, 2019
Received 05 Jul, 2019
Received 02 Jul, 2019
On 27 Jun, 2019
On 27 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
Invitations sent on 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 11 Jun, 2019
On 11 Jun, 2019
On 20 May, 2019
A Sense of Place: Transcriptomics Identifies Environmental Signatures in Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Skins in the Late Stages of Ripening.
Posted 15 Jan, 2020
On 28 Jan, 2020
On 14 Jan, 2020
On 14 Jan, 2020
On 08 Jan, 2020
On 08 Jan, 2020
On 03 Jan, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2019
On 24 Dec, 2019
On 24 Dec, 2019
On 21 Nov, 2019
Received 15 Nov, 2019
Received 10 Nov, 2019
On 01 Nov, 2019
On 25 Oct, 2019
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2019
On 07 Oct, 2019
On 06 Oct, 2019
On 06 Oct, 2019
On 08 Jul, 2019
Received 06 Jul, 2019
Received 05 Jul, 2019
Received 05 Jul, 2019
Received 02 Jul, 2019
On 27 Jun, 2019
On 27 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 24 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
Invitations sent on 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 23 Jun, 2019
On 11 Jun, 2019
On 11 Jun, 2019
On 20 May, 2019
Background Grape berry ripening is influenced by climate, the main component of the “terroir” of a place. Light and temperature are major factors in the vineyard that affect berry development and fruit metabolite composition.
Results To better understand the effect of “place” on berry ripening, transcript abundances in Cabernet Sauvignon berries grown in Bordeaux were compared to those in Reno during the late stages of berry development at similar berry sugar levels (19 to 26 °Brix, total soluble solids (TSS)). Day lengths were similar in both locations but day temperatures were warmer and night temperatures were cooler in Reno. TSS was lower in Bordeaux berries compared to Reno at maturity levels considered optimum for harvest. RNA-seq analysis identified 4,455 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Bordeaux and Reno grape skins at 22°Brix. Top DEG gene ontology categories involved response to stimulus (1464 genes), biosynthesis (1260 genes) and response to stress (834 genes). Some DEGS included genes encoding terpene synthases, cell wall enzymes, kinases, transporters, transcription factors and photoreceptors. Most circadian clock genes had higher transcript abundance in Bordeaux. The plant temperature sensor phytochrome B was linked with Reveille 1 expression, which is part of the circadian clock output pathway that affects seed dormancy. Bordeaux berries had higher transcript abundance with DEGs associated with seed dormancy, light, auxin, ethylene signaling, powdery mildew infection, phenylpropanoid, carotenoid and terpenoid metabolism, whereas Reno berries were enriched with DEGs involved in water deprivation, cold response, ABA signaling and Fe homeostasis.
Conclusions Transcript abundance profiles in the berry skins at maturity were highly dynamic. RNA-seq analysis identified a common core set of ripening genes that do not depend on rootstock, vineyard management, plant age, soil and climatic conditions. Most DEGs could be associated with different environmental conditions that affected the berries in the two locations and may be potentially controlled in different ways by the vinegrower to adjust final berry composition and reach a desired result. Temperature, light, water status and fungal infection were identified to be some of the most influential factors that affected differential gene expression and the quality trait pathways associated with them.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11