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Research Article
Xie-Qi Shi
University of Bergen
Corresponding Author
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the upper airway (UA) has been studied earlier but without a consistent conclusion. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of RME on the upper airway function in terms of airflow resistance by applying a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study consists of seventeen cases with two consecutive CBCT scans obtained before (T0) and after (T1) RME. Patients were divided into two groups with respect to patency of the nasopharyngeal airway as expressed in the adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (AN): group 1 was comprised of patients with an AN ratio < 0.6 and group 2 encompassing those with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. CFD simulation at inspiration and expiration were performed based on the three - dimensional (3D) models of the UA segmented from the CBCT images. The aerodynamic characteristics in terms of pressure drop, midsagittal maximum velocity, and maximum wall shear stress were compared by independent samples t-test between the two groups at T0 and T1.
Results: At T0, the pressure drop at expiration was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1, whereas the difference between the two groups was not significant at T1. The midsagittal maximum velocity of the two groups decreased to some extent at expiration, but without significant difference. The midsagittal maximum velocity of group 2 was at inspiration significantly higher than that of group 1 at T0 and T1.
Conclusion: RME had a positive effect on UA airflow resistance in patients with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. The findings provide positive evidence of RME in airway function and should thus be recommended to patients with both a narrow maxilla and enlarged adenoid.
Keywords
Computational fluid dynamics, Upper airway, Adenoid hypertrophy, Rapid maxillary expansion
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Oral Health.
Version 1
Posted 21 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Jan, 2021
Reviews received
Received 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviews received
Received 05 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 26 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Dec, 2020
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On 17 Dec, 2020
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On 15 Dec, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Oral Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Xie-Qi Shi
University of Bergen
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Oral Health.
Version 1
Posted 21 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Jan, 2021
Reviews received
Received 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviews received
Received 05 Jan, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 26 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 15 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Oral Health.
Background: The effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the upper airway (UA) has been studied earlier but without a consistent conclusion. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of RME on the upper airway function in terms of airflow resistance by applying a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study consists of seventeen cases with two consecutive CBCT scans obtained before (T0) and after (T1) RME. Patients were divided into two groups with respect to patency of the nasopharyngeal airway as expressed in the adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (AN): group 1 was comprised of patients with an AN ratio < 0.6 and group 2 encompassing those with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. CFD simulation at inspiration and expiration were performed based on the three - dimensional (3D) models of the UA segmented from the CBCT images. The aerodynamic characteristics in terms of pressure drop, midsagittal maximum velocity, and maximum wall shear stress were compared by independent samples t-test between the two groups at T0 and T1.
Results: At T0, the pressure drop at expiration was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1, whereas the difference between the two groups was not significant at T1. The midsagittal maximum velocity of the two groups decreased to some extent at expiration, but without significant difference. The midsagittal maximum velocity of group 2 was at inspiration significantly higher than that of group 1 at T0 and T1.
Conclusion: RME had a positive effect on UA airflow resistance in patients with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. The findings provide positive evidence of RME in airway function and should thus be recommended to patients with both a narrow maxilla and enlarged adenoid.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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