See the published version of this preprint at Malaria Journal.
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Research
Jun Cao
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Background
Current methods to classify local and imported malaria infections depends primarily on patients travel history, which can have limited accuracy. Genotyping has been investigated as a complementary approach to track the spread of malaria and identify the origin of imported infections.
Methods
An extended panel of 26 microsatellites (16 new microsatellites) for Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in 602 imported infections from 26 sub-Saharan African countries to the Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China. The potential of the 26 microsatellite markers to assign imported parasites to their geographic origin was assessed using a Bayesian method with MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) as implemented in the program Smoothed and Continuous Assignments (SCAT) with a modification to incorporate haploid genotype data.
Results
The newly designed microsatellites were polymorphic and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the existing microsatellites, supporting previous findings of high rate of recombination in sub-Saharan Africa. Consistent with epidemiology inferred from patients travel history, we found no evidence for local transmission; nearly all genetically related infections were identified in people who traveled to the same country near the same time. The smoothing assignment method assigned imported cases to their likely geographic origin with an accuracy (Angola: 59%; Nigeria: 51%; Equatorial Guinea: 40%) higher than would be achieved at random, reaching statistical significance for Angola and Equatorial Guinea.
Conclusions
Routine genotyping is valuable for malaria case classification and program evaluation in an elimination setting. Method for assigning geographic origin of mammals based on genetic data were adapted for malaria and showed potential for identification of the origin of imported infections.
Keywords
Malaria, imported malaria, local transmission, Jiangsu, China, microsatellite genotyping, geographic assignment
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View the published article at Malaria Journal.
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Posted 04 Feb, 2020
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Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
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Received 30 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 29 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 08 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 31 Jan, 2020
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On 31 Jan, 2020
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Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at Malaria Journal.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Jun Cao
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Version 1
Posted 04 Feb, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 29 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 08 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 31 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Background
Current methods to classify local and imported malaria infections depends primarily on patients travel history, which can have limited accuracy. Genotyping has been investigated as a complementary approach to track the spread of malaria and identify the origin of imported infections.
Methods
An extended panel of 26 microsatellites (16 new microsatellites) for Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in 602 imported infections from 26 sub-Saharan African countries to the Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China. The potential of the 26 microsatellite markers to assign imported parasites to their geographic origin was assessed using a Bayesian method with MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) as implemented in the program Smoothed and Continuous Assignments (SCAT) with a modification to incorporate haploid genotype data.
Results
The newly designed microsatellites were polymorphic and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the existing microsatellites, supporting previous findings of high rate of recombination in sub-Saharan Africa. Consistent with epidemiology inferred from patients travel history, we found no evidence for local transmission; nearly all genetically related infections were identified in people who traveled to the same country near the same time. The smoothing assignment method assigned imported cases to their likely geographic origin with an accuracy (Angola: 59%; Nigeria: 51%; Equatorial Guinea: 40%) higher than would be achieved at random, reaching statistical significance for Angola and Equatorial Guinea.
Conclusions
Routine genotyping is valuable for malaria case classification and program evaluation in an elimination setting. Method for assigning geographic origin of mammals based on genetic data were adapted for malaria and showed potential for identification of the origin of imported infections.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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