Greenland is the biggest island in the world, and the area of snow and ice is the second largest in the world, which is only smaller than Antarctic ice sheet. Studying the temperature change of the island is important for ice sheet melting, especially the summer temperature. In this study, we reconstructed monthly temperature data over past 10,000 years using ice core data, meteorological observation data and European reanalysis data, and linear regression equation– residual correction method was used. And the results are as follows: The temperature of September to May showed a significant increasing trend at the 0.05 level during period 9700 B. C. E. ~ 2019 C.E., and the increasing rate is 0.0017 ~ 0.0058 ℃ every two decades. However, the temperature of June to August showed a significant decreasing trend, and the decreasing rate is -0.0035 ~ -0.0040 ℃ every two decades. The climate change can be divided into four increasing periods, namely, period 9700 B. C. E. ~ 9600 B.C.E, period 9400 B. C. E. ~ 7720 B.C.E, period 6240 B. C. E. ~ 6000 B.C.E, and 1800 C.E. ~ 2019 C.E., and three decreasing periods, namely, period 9600 B. C. E. ~ 9400 B.C.E, period 6340 B. C. E. ~ 6240 B.C.E. and 6000 B.C.E. ~ 1800 C.E., and one stable periods, namely, 7720 B.C.E. ~ 6340 B.C.E. And the differences of temperature change rate of different altitudes of the same period and month is not obvious. And the temperature change rate in Winter is larger than that in Summer. The dataset can provide data basis for the study of Greenland ice sheet mass balance.