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Parvin Mirmiran
Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-4924
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Background: by focusing on nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017.
Methods: We investigated on four examination surveys of TLGS including survey 1 (2006-2008), survey 2 (2009-2011), survey 3 (2012-2014), and survey 4 (2015-2017). The dietary intakes was gathered by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each survey, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively.
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value<0.001); however total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed notable less refined grain, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugar. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intake had no significant changes during a decade (all P-values<0.001). Three dietary patterns were extracted buy using PCA including: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intake of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam, Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in survey 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among study population during the last decade.
Conclusions: The structure and the type of foods that population have chosen to eat had changed since 2006. And a new secular trend in dietary patterns including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was presented in our investigation.
Keywords
dietary patterns, secular trend, nutrition transition, factor analysis, adults, TLGS
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Nutrition Journal.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 10 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 04 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at Nutrition Journal.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Parvin Mirmiran
Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-4924
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Nutrition Journal.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 10 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 04 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Nutrition Journal.
Background: by focusing on nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017.
Methods: We investigated on four examination surveys of TLGS including survey 1 (2006-2008), survey 2 (2009-2011), survey 3 (2012-2014), and survey 4 (2015-2017). The dietary intakes was gathered by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each survey, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively.
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value<0.001); however total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed notable less refined grain, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugar. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intake had no significant changes during a decade (all P-values<0.001). Three dietary patterns were extracted buy using PCA including: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intake of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam, Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in survey 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among study population during the last decade.
Conclusions: The structure and the type of foods that population have chosen to eat had changed since 2006. And a new secular trend in dietary patterns including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was presented in our investigation.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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