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Geeta Appannah
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-6529
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Background Adolescent dietary patterns (DP) tend to be of poor quality and dominated by discretionary food and drinks. It is unclear whether DPs established in adolescence persist or track into adulthood. We examined trajectories across adolescence and young adulthood for two major DPs and the determinants of these trajectories.
Methods Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, intakes of 38 major food groups were estimated at 14, 17, 20 and 22 years of age in 1,402 participants (47% male) using evaluated food frequency questionnaires. Using factor analysis, two major DPs (‘Healthy’ and ‘Western’) were consistently identified across follow ups. Sex-specific group-based modelling was used to assess the variation in individual’s z-scores for each pattern and identify major trajectories in scores between 14 and 22 years of age. Determinants of these trajectories including body mass index (BMI), physical activity levels, early life parental factors and family characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results Two major trajectory groups were identified for each pattern. Between 14 and 22 years of age, a majority of the cohort (71% males, 78% females) formed a trajectory group with consistently low scores for the ‘Healthy’ DP. The remainder had trajectories showing either declines in modest scores (females 22%) or consistently modest scores (29% males) for the ‘Healthy’ DP. For the ‘Western’ DP, the majority formed trajectories with consistently average scores (78% males) or low scores that declined over time (84% females). However, 22% of males had a trajectory of steady, marked increases in ‘Western’ DP scores over time. A lower maternal education, higher maternal BMI and parental smoking status was positively associated with consistently lower scores of ‘Healthy’ DP while a lower family income, family functioning, maternal age, and single parent family structure were positively related to higher scores of ‘Western’ DP.
Conclusion Poor dietary patterns established in adolescence are likely to track into young adulthood, particularly in males. This study highlights the stage between adolescence and young adulthood as a critical period and the populations most likely to benefit from interventions to improve dietary habits in adolescence.
Keywords
Dietary patterns, tracking, trajectories, determinants, Raine study
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research
Geeta Appannah
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-6529
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 07 Feb, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Physical Medicine & Rehab
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background Adolescent dietary patterns (DP) tend to be of poor quality and dominated by discretionary food and drinks. It is unclear whether DPs established in adolescence persist or track into adulthood. We examined trajectories across adolescence and young adulthood for two major DPs and the determinants of these trajectories.
Methods Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, intakes of 38 major food groups were estimated at 14, 17, 20 and 22 years of age in 1,402 participants (47% male) using evaluated food frequency questionnaires. Using factor analysis, two major DPs (‘Healthy’ and ‘Western’) were consistently identified across follow ups. Sex-specific group-based modelling was used to assess the variation in individual’s z-scores for each pattern and identify major trajectories in scores between 14 and 22 years of age. Determinants of these trajectories including body mass index (BMI), physical activity levels, early life parental factors and family characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results Two major trajectory groups were identified for each pattern. Between 14 and 22 years of age, a majority of the cohort (71% males, 78% females) formed a trajectory group with consistently low scores for the ‘Healthy’ DP. The remainder had trajectories showing either declines in modest scores (females 22%) or consistently modest scores (29% males) for the ‘Healthy’ DP. For the ‘Western’ DP, the majority formed trajectories with consistently average scores (78% males) or low scores that declined over time (84% females). However, 22% of males had a trajectory of steady, marked increases in ‘Western’ DP scores over time. A lower maternal education, higher maternal BMI and parental smoking status was positively associated with consistently lower scores of ‘Healthy’ DP while a lower family income, family functioning, maternal age, and single parent family structure were positively related to higher scores of ‘Western’ DP.
Conclusion Poor dietary patterns established in adolescence are likely to track into young adulthood, particularly in males. This study highlights the stage between adolescence and young adulthood as a critical period and the populations most likely to benefit from interventions to improve dietary habits in adolescence.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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