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Research Article
Kattesh Katti
University of Missouri
Corresponding Author
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Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) face poor prognosis and increased risk of treatment-incurred adverse effects resulting in one of the highest mortalities among patient population globally. Immune cells act as double-edged sword depending on the tumor microenvironment, which leads to increased infiltration of pro-tumor (M2) macrophages. Development of new immunomodulatory therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumor microenvironment, and hence orchestrating the differentiation of pro-tumor M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1, would substantially improve treatment outcomes of CRPC patients. We report, herein, Mangiferin functionalized gold nanoparticles (MGF-AuNPs) and its immunomodulatory characteristics in treating prostate cancer. We provide evidence of immunomodulatory intervention of MGF-AuNPs in prostate cancers through observations of enhanced levels of anti-tumor cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α) with concomitant reductions in the levels of pro-tumor cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6). In the treated groups, IL-12 was elevated to ten-fold while TNF-α was elevated to about fifty-fold; while IL-10 and IL-6 were reduced by two-fold. Ability of MGF-AuNPs to target splenic macrophages is invoked via targeting of NF-kB signaling pathway. Finally, therapeutic efficacy of MGF-AuNPs, in treating prostate cancer in vivo in tumor bearing mice, is described taking into consideration various immunomodulatory interventions triggered by this green nanotechnology-based nanomedicine agent.
Keywords
Mangiferin, gold nanoparticles, NF-κB, laminin receptor, prostate tumor, macrophages
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The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Table2ArriveDocumentKhoobchandanietalScientificReports.pdf
- FigureS1.tiff
- SupplementarysectionMGFAuNPspaper.pdf
- Scheme1.png
Scheme 1: (A) Green Nanotechnology Motif of Mangiferin functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (MGF-AuNPs).
- Scheme3.png
Scheme 3: Targeting ability of MGF-AuNPs toward tumor microenvironment (TME) and it’s reprograming ability of M2 to M1 phenotype.
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View the published article at Scientific Reports.
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Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 May, 2021
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Received 14 May, 2021
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On 28 Mar, 2021
Reviews received
Received 16 Mar, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 23 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Feb, 2021
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On 15 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Feb, 2021
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On 03 Feb, 2021
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Scientific Reports.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Kattesh Katti
University of Missouri
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Version 1
Posted 05 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 May, 2021
Reviews received
Received 14 May, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 28 Mar, 2021
Reviews received
Received 16 Mar, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 23 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 15 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 03 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 23 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) face poor prognosis and increased risk of treatment-incurred adverse effects resulting in one of the highest mortalities among patient population globally. Immune cells act as double-edged sword depending on the tumor microenvironment, which leads to increased infiltration of pro-tumor (M2) macrophages. Development of new immunomodulatory therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumor microenvironment, and hence orchestrating the differentiation of pro-tumor M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1, would substantially improve treatment outcomes of CRPC patients. We report, herein, Mangiferin functionalized gold nanoparticles (MGF-AuNPs) and its immunomodulatory characteristics in treating prostate cancer. We provide evidence of immunomodulatory intervention of MGF-AuNPs in prostate cancers through observations of enhanced levels of anti-tumor cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α) with concomitant reductions in the levels of pro-tumor cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6). In the treated groups, IL-12 was elevated to ten-fold while TNF-α was elevated to about fifty-fold; while IL-10 and IL-6 were reduced by two-fold. Ability of MGF-AuNPs to target splenic macrophages is invoked via targeting of NF-kB signaling pathway. Finally, therapeutic efficacy of MGF-AuNPs, in treating prostate cancer in vivo in tumor bearing mice, is described taking into consideration various immunomodulatory interventions triggered by this green nanotechnology-based nanomedicine agent.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Table2ArriveDocumentKhoobchandanietalScientificReports.pdf
- FigureS1.tiff
- SupplementarysectionMGFAuNPspaper.pdf
- Scheme1.png
Scheme 1: (A) Green Nanotechnology Motif of Mangiferin functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (MGF-AuNPs).
- Scheme3.png
Scheme 3: Targeting ability of MGF-AuNPs toward tumor microenvironment (TME) and it’s reprograming ability of M2 to M1 phenotype.
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