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Research article
Zhongliang Zheng
College of Life Sciences in Wuhan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-5720
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background ： Based on its low toxicity, arginine starvation therapy has the potential to cure malignant tumors that cannot be treated surgically. The Arginine deiminase (ADI) gene has been identified to be an ideal cancer-suppressor gene. ADI expressed in the cytosol displays higher oncolytic efficiency than ADI-PEG20 (Pegylated Arginine Deiminase by PEG 20,000). However, it is still unknown whether cytosolic ADI has the same mechanism of action as ADI-PEG20 or other underlying cellular mechanisms.
Methods: The interactions of ADI with other protein factors were screened by yeast hybrids, and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. The effect of ADI inhibiting the ferritin light-chain domain (FTL) in mitochondrial damage was evaluated by site-directed mutation and flow cytometry. Control of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was analyzed by Western Blotting and real-time PCR experiments. The effect of p53 expression on cancer cells death was assessed by siTP53 transfection. Chromatin autophagy was explored by immunofluorescent staining and Western Blotting.
Results: ADI expressed in the cytosol inhibited the activity of cytosolic ferritin by interacting with FTL. The inactive mutant of ADI still induced apoptosis in certain cell lines of ASS- through mitochondrial damage. Arginine starvation also generated an increase in the expression of p53 and p53AIP1, which aggravated the cellular mitochondrial damage. Chromatin autophagy appeared at a later stage of arginine starvation. DNA damage occurred along with the entire arginine starvation process. Histone 3 (H3) was found in autophagosomes, which implies that cancer cells attempted to utilize the arginine present in histones to survive during arginine starvation.
Conclusions: Mitochondrial damage is the major mechanism of cell death induced by cytosolic ADI. The process of Chromatophagy does not only stimulate cancer cells to utilize histone arginine but also speeds up cancer cell death at a later stage of arginine starvation.
Keywords
Arginine deprivation, arginine deiminase, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, chromatin autophagy
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View the published article at BMC Cancer.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Jul, 2020
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On 29 Jun, 2020
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On 28 Jun, 2020
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On 28 Jun, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 Jun, 2020
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On 23 Jun, 2020
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On 22 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jun, 2020
Version 4
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jun, 2020
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On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 18 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 01 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
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On 04 Feb, 2020
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On 03 Feb, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Cancer.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Zhongliang Zheng
College of Life Sciences in Wuhan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-5720
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Cancer.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Jun, 2020
Version 4
Posted 17 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 18 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 01 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 14 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 02 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Cancer.
Background ： Based on its low toxicity, arginine starvation therapy has the potential to cure malignant tumors that cannot be treated surgically. The Arginine deiminase (ADI) gene has been identified to be an ideal cancer-suppressor gene. ADI expressed in the cytosol displays higher oncolytic efficiency than ADI-PEG20 (Pegylated Arginine Deiminase by PEG 20,000). However, it is still unknown whether cytosolic ADI has the same mechanism of action as ADI-PEG20 or other underlying cellular mechanisms.
Methods: The interactions of ADI with other protein factors were screened by yeast hybrids, and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. The effect of ADI inhibiting the ferritin light-chain domain (FTL) in mitochondrial damage was evaluated by site-directed mutation and flow cytometry. Control of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was analyzed by Western Blotting and real-time PCR experiments. The effect of p53 expression on cancer cells death was assessed by siTP53 transfection. Chromatin autophagy was explored by immunofluorescent staining and Western Blotting.
Results: ADI expressed in the cytosol inhibited the activity of cytosolic ferritin by interacting with FTL. The inactive mutant of ADI still induced apoptosis in certain cell lines of ASS- through mitochondrial damage. Arginine starvation also generated an increase in the expression of p53 and p53AIP1, which aggravated the cellular mitochondrial damage. Chromatin autophagy appeared at a later stage of arginine starvation. DNA damage occurred along with the entire arginine starvation process. Histone 3 (H3) was found in autophagosomes, which implies that cancer cells attempted to utilize the arginine present in histones to survive during arginine starvation.
Conclusions: Mitochondrial damage is the major mechanism of cell death induced by cytosolic ADI. The process of Chromatophagy does not only stimulate cancer cells to utilize histone arginine but also speeds up cancer cell death at a later stage of arginine starvation.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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