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Research Article
Asem Alageel
College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background:
Smartphone addiction and other behavioral addictions have been established to accompany social, physical, and mental health issues. In this article, we will be investigating the prevalence of smartphone addiction among postgraduate students as well as assessing its relationship to social demographics, depression, ADHD, and nicotine dependence.
Objectives:
· The prevalence of smartphone addiction among middle eastern postgraduate students.
· Ascertain the associated factors of smartphone addiction.
· Measure the incidence of MDD, ADHD, insomnia, and nicotine addiction among postgraduate students with smartphone addiction.
Methods:
A Cross-sectional online survey, a self-questionnaire is divided into six sections; Socio-demographics, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression (PHQ9). Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence Questionnaire (FTCd) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1)
Results:
51.0% of the participants had smartphone addiction. There’s a significant association between high smartphone use and MDD (p=0.001). 41.5% of smokers are addicted to smartphones (p=0.039). Smartphone addicts have about two times the risk of developing insomnia (OR= 2.113) (P= 0.013). Smartphone addicts had a significant risk of developing ADHD symptoms (OR =2.712) (P <0.001).
Conclusion:
Confirming several studies, we found a positive association between Insomnia, Depression, Adult ADHD, and Smartphone addiction. Therefore, we encourage the scientific community to study the impacts of smartphone addiction and the mental health of post-graduate students.
Keywords
Smartphone, Depression, Postgraduate, ADHD, Insomnia, Smoking
Competing interest reported. Dr. McIntyre reports grants from Stanley Medical Research Institute, and from CIHR/GACD/Chinese National Natural Research Foundation. and other relationships that may include consultations/speaker fees, from Lundbeck, Janssen, Shire, Purdue, Pfizer, Otsuka, Allergan, Takeda, Neurocrine, Sunovion, Minerva outside the submitted work.
All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 25 Jan, 2021
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On 05 Feb, 2021
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On 31 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Jan, 2021
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On 26 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 22 Jan, 2021
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On 22 Jan, 2021
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On 24 Dec, 2020
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Subject Areas
Psychiatry
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
This preprint is under consideration at BMC Psychiatry. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Asem Alageel
College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 25 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 05 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 04 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 02 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 01 Feb, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 31 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 26 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 22 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 24 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychiatry
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background:
Smartphone addiction and other behavioral addictions have been established to accompany social, physical, and mental health issues. In this article, we will be investigating the prevalence of smartphone addiction among postgraduate students as well as assessing its relationship to social demographics, depression, ADHD, and nicotine dependence.
Objectives:
· The prevalence of smartphone addiction among middle eastern postgraduate students.
· Ascertain the associated factors of smartphone addiction.
· Measure the incidence of MDD, ADHD, insomnia, and nicotine addiction among postgraduate students with smartphone addiction.
Methods:
A Cross-sectional online survey, a self-questionnaire is divided into six sections; Socio-demographics, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression (PHQ9). Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence Questionnaire (FTCd) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1)
Results:
51.0% of the participants had smartphone addiction. There’s a significant association between high smartphone use and MDD (p=0.001). 41.5% of smokers are addicted to smartphones (p=0.039). Smartphone addicts have about two times the risk of developing insomnia (OR= 2.113) (P= 0.013). Smartphone addicts had a significant risk of developing ADHD symptoms (OR =2.712) (P <0.001).
Conclusion:
Confirming several studies, we found a positive association between Insomnia, Depression, Adult ADHD, and Smartphone addiction. Therefore, we encourage the scientific community to study the impacts of smartphone addiction and the mental health of post-graduate students.
Competing interest reported. Dr. McIntyre reports grants from Stanley Medical Research Institute, and from CIHR/GACD/Chinese National Natural Research Foundation. and other relationships that may include consultations/speaker fees, from Lundbeck, Janssen, Shire, Purdue, Pfizer, Otsuka, Allergan, Takeda, Neurocrine, Sunovion, Minerva outside the submitted work.
All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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