- Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018 May 24;4:18029.
- Simonsen S, Bateman A, Bohus M, Dalewijk HJ, Doering S, Kaera A, Moran P, Renneberg B, Ribaudi JS, Taubner S, Wilberg T. European guidelines for personality disorders: past, present and future. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2019 Dec;6(1):9.
- Bateman A, Fonagy P. Impact of clinical severity on outcomes of mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;203(3):221-7.
- Sahin Z, Vinnars B, Gorman BS, Wilczek A, Åsberg M, Barber JP. Clinical severity as a moderator of outcome in psychodynamic and dialectical behavior therapies for borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 2018 Sep;9(5):437.
- Zimmerman M, Morgan TA, Stanton K. The severity of psychiatric disorders. World Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;17(3):258-75.
- Linehan MM. Development, evaluation, and dissemination of effective psychosocial treatments: Levels of disorder, stages of care, and stages of treatment research.
- World Health Organisation. ICD-11 (Mortality and Morbidity Statistics). 6D10.2 Severe personality disorder. https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f40156192
- Gautam S, Jain A, Gautam M, Vahia VN, Grover S. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2017 Jan;59(Suppl 1):S34.
- Giesen-Bloo JH, Wachters LM, Schouten E, Arntz A. The borderline personality disorder severity index-IV: psychometric evaluation and dimensional structure. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010 Jul 1;49(2):136-41.
- Zanarini MC, Vujanovic AA, Parachini EA, Boulanger JL, Frankenburg FR, Hennen J. Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD): A continuous measure of DSM-IV borderline psychopathology. Journal of Personality Disorders. 2003 Jun;17(3):233-42.
- Zanarini MC, Weingeroff JL, Frankenburg FR, Fitzmaurice GM. Development of the self‐report version of the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder. Personality and mental health. 2015 Nov;9(4):243-9.
- Rüsch N, Lieb K, Göttler I, Hermann C, Schramm E, Richter H, Jacob GA, Corrigan PW, Bohus M. Shame and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;164(3):500-8.
- Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018 May 24;4:18029.
- Foxhall M, Hamilton‐Giachritsis C, Button K. The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2019 Mar 21.
- Pfohl B, Blum N, St. John D, McCormick B, Allen J, Black DW. Reliability and validity of the Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time (BEST): A self-rated scale to measure severity and change in persons with borderline personality disorder. Journal of personality disorders. 2009 Jun;23(3):281-93.
- Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Limberger MF, Stieglitz RD, Domsalla M, Chapman AL, Steil R, Philipsen A, Wolf M. The short version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties. Psychopathology. 2009;42(1):32-9.
- Bohus M, Limberger MF, Frank U, Chapman AL, Kühler T, Stieglitz RD. Psychometric properties of the borderline symptom list (BSL). Psychopathology. 2007;40(2):126-32.
- Soler J, Vega D, Feliu-Soler A, Trujols J, Soto Á, Elices M, Ortiz C, Pérez V, Bohus M, Pascual JC. Validation of the Spanish version of the Borderline Symptom List, short form (BSL-23). BMC psychiatry. 2013 Dec;13(1):1317.
- Nicastro R, Prada P, Kung AL, Salamin V, Dayer A, Aubry JM, Guenot F, Perroud N. Psychometric properties of the French borderline symptom list, short form (BSL-23). Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2016 Dec;3(1):4.
- Yang H, Lei X, Zhong M, Zhou Q, Ling Y, Jungkunz M, Yi J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Brief Borderline Symptom List in Undergraduate Students and Clinical Patients. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018 Apr 27;9:605.
- Central Institute of Mental Health. Information and Downloads: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy. BSL-23 / BSL-95 – Questionnaires: https://www.zi-mannheim.de/forschung/abteilungen-ags-institute/psm/psm-informationen-downloads.html
- Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio. 1996;78(2):490-8.
- Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect. 2003 Feb 1;27(2):169-90.
- Loranger AW, Janca A, Sartorius N, editors. Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: The ICD-10 international personality disorder examination (IPDE). Cambridge University Press; 1997 Apr 17.
- Derogatis LR, Unger R. Symptom checklist‐90‐revised. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. 2010 Jan 30:1-2.
- Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of general psychiatry. 1976 Jun 1;33(6):766-71.
- Zeitler ML, Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Knies R, Ostermann M, Schmahl C, Lyssenko L. How to assess recovery in borderline personality disorder: psychosocial functioning and satisfaction with life in a sample of former DBT study patients. Journal of personality disorders. 2018 Sep 4:1-9.
- Wittchen HU, Zaudig M, Fydrich T. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe. 1997.
- Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1967) Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 6;240:285.
- Anderson TW, Darling DA. A test of goodness of fit. Journal of the American statistical association. 1954 Dec 1;49(268):765-9.
- Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Abingdon: Routledge. 1988.
- Steiger JH. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological bulletin. 1980 Mar;87(2):245.
- Streiner DL, Cairney J. What's under the ROC? An introduction to receiver operating characteristics curves. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;52(2):121-8.
- Lee IA, Preacher KJ. Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org (2013, September).
- Franke G. Die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis - Deutsche Version - Manual. Weinheim: Beltz. 1995
- Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA (1978). A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1978;133(5):429-35.
mber">1. Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018 May;24:4:18029.
2. Simonsen S, Bateman A, Bohus M, Dalewijk HJ, Doering S, Kaera A, Moran P, Renneberg B, Ribaudi JS, Taubner S, Wilberg T. European guidelines for personality disorders: past, present and future. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2019 Dec;6(1):9.
3. Bateman A, Fonagy P. Impact of clinical severity on outcomes of mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;203(3):221–7.
4. 2018
Sahin Z, Vinnars B, Gorman BS, Wilczek A, Åsberg M, Barber JP. Clinical severity as a moderator of outcome in psychodynamic and dialectical behavior therapies for borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 2018 Sep;9(5):437.
5. Zimmerman M, Morgan TA, Stanton K. The severity of psychiatric disorders. World Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;17(3):258–75.
6. Linehan MM. Development, evaluation, and dissemination of effective psychosocial treatments: Levels of disorder, stages of care, and stages of treatment research.
7. World Health Organisation. ICD-11 (Mortality and Morbidity Statistics). 6D10.2 Severe personality disorder. https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f40156192.
8. Gautam S, Jain A, Gautam M, Vahia VN, Grover S. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2017 Jan;59(Suppl 1):34.
9. 2010
Giesen-Bloo JH, Wachters LM, Schouten E, Arntz A. The borderline personality disorder severity index-IV: psychometric evaluation and dimensional structure. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010 Jul 1;49(2):136 – 41.
10. Zanarini MC, Vujanovic AA, Parachini EA, Boulanger JL, Frankenburg FR, Hennen J. Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD): A continuous measure of DSM-IV borderline psychopathology. J Pers Disord. 2003 Jun;17(3):233–42.
11. Zanarini MC, Weingeroff JL, Frankenburg FR, Fitzmaurice GM. Development of the self-report version of the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder. Personality mental health. 2015 Nov;9(4):243–9.
12. Rüsch N, Lieb K, Göttler I, Hermann C, Schramm E, Richter H, Jacob GA, Corrigan PW, Bohus M. Shame and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;164(3):500–8.
13. Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018 May;24:4:18029.
14. Foxhall M, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Button K. The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2019 Mar 21.
15. Pfohl B, Blum N, St. John D, McCormick B, Allen J, Black DW. Reliability and validity of the Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time (BEST): A self-rated scale to measure severity and change in persons with borderline personality disorder. Journal of personality disorders. 2009 Jun;23(3):281–93.
16. Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Limberger MF, Stieglitz RD, Domsalla M, Chapman AL, Steil R, Philipsen A, Wolf M. The short version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties. Psychopathology. 2009;42(1):32–9.
17. Bohus M, Limberger MF, Frank U, Chapman AL, Kühler T, Stieglitz RD. Psychometric properties of the borderline symptom list (BSL). Psychopathology. 2007;40(2):126–32.
18. Soler J, Vega D, Feliu-Soler A, Trujols J, Soto Á, Elices M, Ortiz C, Pérez V, Bohus M, Pascual JC. Validation of the Spanish version of the Borderline Symptom List, short form (BSL-23). BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Dec;13(1):1317.
19. Nicastro R, Prada P, Kung AL, Salamin V, Dayer A, Aubry JM, Guenot F, Perroud N. Psychometric properties of the French borderline symptom list, short form (BSL-23). Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. 2016 Dec;3(1):4.
20. Yang H, Lei X, Zhong M, Zhou Q, Ling Y, Jungkunz M, Yi J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Brief Borderline Symptom List in Undergraduate Students and Clinical Patients. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018 Apr 27;9:605.
21. Central Institute of Mental Health. Information and Downloads: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy. BSL-23 / BSL-95 – Questionnaires: https://www.zi-mannheim.de/forschung/abteilungen-ags-institute/psm/psm-informationen-downloads.html.
22. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio. 1996;78(2):490–8.
23. 2003
Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect. 2003 Feb 1;27(2):169 – 90.
24. Loranger AW, Janca A, Sartorius N, editors. Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: The ICD-10 international personality disorder examination (IPDE). Cambridge University Press; 1997 Apr 17.
25. Derogatis LR, Unger R. Symptom checklist-90‐revised. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. Jan. 2010;30:1–2.
26. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of general psychiatry. 1976 Jun 1;33(6):766 – 71.
27. Zeitler ML, Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Knies R, Ostermann M, Schmahl C, Lyssenko L. How to assess recovery in borderline personality disorder: psychosocial functioning and satisfaction with life in a sample of former DBT study patients. Journal of personality disorders. 2018 Sep 4:1–9.
28. Wittchen HU, Zaudig M, Fydrich T. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1997.
29. 1967
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. (1967) Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 6;240:285.
30. 1954
Anderson TW, Darling DA. A test of goodness of fit. Journal of the American statistical association. 1954 Dec 1;49(268):765-9.
31. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Abingdon: Routledge; 1988.
32. Steiger JH. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological bulletin. 1980 Mar;87(2):245.
33. Streiner DL, Cairney J. What's under the ROC? An introduction to receiver operating characteristics curves. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;52(2):121–8.
34. 2013
Lee IA, Preacher KJ. Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org (2013, September).
35. Franke G. Die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis - Deutsche Version - Manual. Weinheim: Beltz; 1995.
36. 1978
Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. (1978). A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1978;133(5):429 – 35.
Availability of data and materials.
The data analyzed for the present. study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.