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Background: This is now a concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. Microbiological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future. The interactions between bacteria and mosquito make mosquito microbiota really promising from a disease control perspective. Here, we studied the impact of Chromobacterium violaceum infections isolated from both larvae and adult of wild caught Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in Burkina Faso on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity propensy.
Methods: To assess entomopathogenic effects of C. violaceum infection on mosquitoes, three different types of bioassays were performed in laboratory. These bioassays aimed to evaluate the impact of C.violaceum infection on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity, respectively. During bioassays mosquitoes were infected through the well-established system of cotton ball soaked with 6% glucose containing C.violaceum.
Results: C. violaceum kills pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes An. coluzzii (LT80 of 8.78 days ± 0.18 at 108 bacteria cell/ml of sugar meal). Interestingly, this bacterium had other negative effects on mosquito lifespan by significantly reducing (~59%, P<0.001) the mosquito feeding willingness from day 4-post infection (~81% would seek a host to blood feed) to 9- day post infection (22 ± 4.62% would seek a host to blood feed). Moreover, C. violaceum considerably jeopardized the egg laying (~16 eggs laid /mosquitoes with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes vs ~129 eggs laid / mosquitoes with control mosquitoes) and hatching of mosquitoes (A reduction of ~22 % of hatching rate with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes). Compared to the bacterial uninfected mosquitoes, mosquitoes infected with C. violaceum showed indeed significantly higher retention rates of immature eggs and follicles.
Conclusion: These data showed important properties of Burkina Faso C. violaceum strains, which are highly virulent against insecticide resistant Anopheles coluzzii, and reduce both mosquito blood feeding and fecundity propensities. However, additional studies as the sequencing of C. violaceum genome and the potential toxins secreted will certainly provide useful information render it a potential candidate for the biological control strategies of malaria and other disease vectors.
Keywords
Chromobacterium violaceum, Anopheles coluzzii, blood feeding, fecundity, malaria and Burkina Faso
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View the published article at Malaria Journal.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Sep, 2020
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On 15 Sep, 2020
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On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 06 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
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Received 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 31 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Jul, 2020
Version 2
Posted 07 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 05 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 09 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Feb, 2020
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On 06 Feb, 2020
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On 06 Feb, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Malaria Journal.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 06 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 31 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Jul, 2020
Version 2
Posted 07 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 05 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 09 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Background: This is now a concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. Microbiological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future. The interactions between bacteria and mosquito make mosquito microbiota really promising from a disease control perspective. Here, we studied the impact of Chromobacterium violaceum infections isolated from both larvae and adult of wild caught Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in Burkina Faso on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity propensy.
Methods: To assess entomopathogenic effects of C. violaceum infection on mosquitoes, three different types of bioassays were performed in laboratory. These bioassays aimed to evaluate the impact of C.violaceum infection on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity, respectively. During bioassays mosquitoes were infected through the well-established system of cotton ball soaked with 6% glucose containing C.violaceum.
Results: C. violaceum kills pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes An. coluzzii (LT80 of 8.78 days ± 0.18 at 108 bacteria cell/ml of sugar meal). Interestingly, this bacterium had other negative effects on mosquito lifespan by significantly reducing (~59%, P<0.001) the mosquito feeding willingness from day 4-post infection (~81% would seek a host to blood feed) to 9- day post infection (22 ± 4.62% would seek a host to blood feed). Moreover, C. violaceum considerably jeopardized the egg laying (~16 eggs laid /mosquitoes with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes vs ~129 eggs laid / mosquitoes with control mosquitoes) and hatching of mosquitoes (A reduction of ~22 % of hatching rate with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes). Compared to the bacterial uninfected mosquitoes, mosquitoes infected with C. violaceum showed indeed significantly higher retention rates of immature eggs and follicles.
Conclusion: These data showed important properties of Burkina Faso C. violaceum strains, which are highly virulent against insecticide resistant Anopheles coluzzii, and reduce both mosquito blood feeding and fecundity propensities. However, additional studies as the sequencing of C. violaceum genome and the potential toxins secreted will certainly provide useful information render it a potential candidate for the biological control strategies of malaria and other disease vectors.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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