Background: Many governments worldwide have committed to extending choices in public service delivery. However, the extent to which policies ensure equity is unclear. We investigated whether Medicaid programs in the United States improve hospital accessibility among patients with low socioeconomic status, compared to those with non-low socioeconomic status who are non-Medicaid recipients or uninsured.
Methods: We employed a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach using a rich dataset of information on inpatients and their choice of hospitals from Statewide Planning Research and Cooperative System and information on hospitals from the American Hospital Association in Brooklyn, New York, from 2003 to 2009
Results: The findings indicated that Medicaid has failed to broaden the range of the hospital choices for patients with low socioeconomic status, assessed in terms of bypassing behaviors.
Conclusions: Medicaid is a public program that offers choices driven by purchasing power. The findings of this study imply that this program has some limitations in alleviating existing socioeconomic inequities in available hospital choices.

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Posted 15 Jan, 2021
Posted 15 Jan, 2021
Background: Many governments worldwide have committed to extending choices in public service delivery. However, the extent to which policies ensure equity is unclear. We investigated whether Medicaid programs in the United States improve hospital accessibility among patients with low socioeconomic status, compared to those with non-low socioeconomic status who are non-Medicaid recipients or uninsured.
Methods: We employed a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach using a rich dataset of information on inpatients and their choice of hospitals from Statewide Planning Research and Cooperative System and information on hospitals from the American Hospital Association in Brooklyn, New York, from 2003 to 2009
Results: The findings indicated that Medicaid has failed to broaden the range of the hospital choices for patients with low socioeconomic status, assessed in terms of bypassing behaviors.
Conclusions: Medicaid is a public program that offers choices driven by purchasing power. The findings of this study imply that this program has some limitations in alleviating existing socioeconomic inequities in available hospital choices.

Figure 1

Figure 2
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