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Original Article
Yung-I Lee
National Museum of Natural Science
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9994-2003
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, sexual propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because of the extremely hard seed coat. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.
Results: We found that soaking mature seeds in 4 % sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination and that immature seeds collected at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. After 60 DAP, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope. These features matches the significant decreases of immature seed germination percentage after 60 DAP.
Conclusion: We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, and might play an important role in seed dormancy of V. plantifolia.
Keywords
micropropagation, embryo, seed coat, seed pretreatment, Vanilla
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 31 Mar, 2021
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On 31 Mar, 2021
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On 31 Mar, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 01 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 01 Mar, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 05 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 29 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Dec, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at Botanical Studies. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Original Article
Yung-I Lee
National Museum of Natural Science
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9994-2003
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version (no preprint)
Posted 31 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 31 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 31 Mar, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 01 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 01 Mar, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 05 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 29 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 23 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Dec, 2020
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, sexual propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because of the extremely hard seed coat. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.
Results: We found that soaking mature seeds in 4 % sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination and that immature seeds collected at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. After 60 DAP, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope. These features matches the significant decreases of immature seed germination percentage after 60 DAP.
Conclusion: We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, and might play an important role in seed dormancy of V. plantifolia.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
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